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Zrieki, Afraa
- In Vitro Assessment of Sun Protection Factor (Spf) and Antioxidant Activity of Viola Odorata Extracts
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1 Master Student in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, SY
2 Doctor in Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia,, SY
3 Doctor in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, SY
1 Master Student in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, SY
2 Doctor in Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia,, SY
3 Doctor in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Lattakia, SY
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Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 655-660Abstract
The harmful effects of sunlight on the skin have triggered several studies. They concentrated on the synthesis or extraction of natural compounds that can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, we investigated the in vitro photo-protective potential of Viola odorata flowers extracts, in three states (fresh, dried, frozen), using three solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol) by sequential extraction. In vitro SPF values were determined by spectrophotometric method. Antioxidant activity was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethanolic extract fraction, at the concentration of 2 mg/ml, from the three flowers states had the best SPF values (27.249, 26.978, 27.907) respectively, followed by ethyl acetate extract fraction of dried flowers (SPF=21.11). The highest DPPH inhibition (about 85%) was also obtained in ethanolic extract fraction from the three states of flowers. The ethanolic extract fraction of fresh flowers showed the highest total phenolic content (18.575 mg GAE/g crud extract), followed by ethanolic extract fraction of dried flowers (15.06 mg GAE/g crud extract). There was a significant positive correlation between SPF values and each of antioxidant activity (R=0.92) and TPC (R=0.748) in the different extract fractions. Our results showed that ethnolic Viola odorata flowers extract, in different states, has a great potential to be used as a sunscreen agent due to its polyphenol content, which is also associated with strong antioxidant activity.Keywords
SPF, Antioxidant, Polyphenols, Viola odorata, Extract.
References
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- Factors Associated with Glycemic Control among Syrian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract Views :145 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Master Student in Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Latakia,, SY
2 Doctor in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Latakia,, SY
1 Master Student in Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Latakia,, SY
2 Doctor in Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, Latakia,, SY
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 1701-1708Abstract
Glycemic control is the main therapeutic objective in diabetes management. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with poor glycemic control among Syrian patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Latakia city. A random sample of 214 patients was selected from T2DM patients seen in the national center for diabetes in latakia over a period of 10 months in 2018/2019. Each patient was interviewed according to a validated questionnaire. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured for all patients using fast ion-exchange resin separation method. The SPSS 26.0 program was used for the statistical analysis. Probability (P) value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Uncontrolled HbA1c (>7%) was seen in 70.6% of T2DM patients. There was no relationship of glycemic control, neither as HbA1c value, nor as percentage of patients with uncontrolled HbA1c, with age, gender, family history, education, duration of diabetes, diet or physical activity. Smokers and divorced patients, were more likely to have poor glycemic control. Elevated total cholesterol was significantly correlated with poorer glycemic control. Moreover, high levels of HbA1c were associated with the presence of diabetes complications and insulin therapy. Our findings suggests that poor glycemic control is common in T2DM Syrian patients in Latakia. Diabetic patients should routinely perform HbA1c and lipid profile analysis. There is a great need to educate patients about strategies to help them manage their diabetes and live a healthier life.Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Glycemic control, Diabetes risk factors.References
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