Informatics Publishing Limited

Singh Om. Prakash ¹, Rajarshi Chakravarty ², Payel Talukdar ², Arunanshu Talukdar ³, Amit Bhattacharyya ⁴, Dipankar Kanji ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, IPGMER, Kolkata, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, N.R.S Medical College, Kolkata, IN
3 Department of Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, IN
4 Department of Psychaitry, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, IN
5 Department of Psychiatry, Malda Medical College, Malda, IN

Abstract

Context: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a disease with controversies regarding co-morbidities. Studies have noted there are some doubts due to the disease's heterogeneity and cultural influence. Some studies have reflected that women are more likely to have Major depressive disorder(MDD) as co-morbidity while the impact of gender on co-morbid generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) was inconclusive. There are few Indian studies in this regard and hence this cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary referral centre in Eastern India.

Material and method: 100 consecutive eligible patients with OCD(Male=41,Female=59) were interviewed. The data were recorded for socio-demographic profile, depression and anxiety comorbidities.

Results: The mean age of the study sample was 32.73 yrs, mostly from rural background(82%) and nuclear families (62%).The subjects were found to be suffering mostly from co-morbid MDD(85%) and GAD(83%).93% of our female subjects had co-morbid MDD while 90% of them had co-morbid GAD. The corresponding percentages for 41 males was 73%(for both MDD and GAD). Gender had an impact on both these co-morbid diagnoses(P-value<0.05)though the association with depression was more.

Conclusion: Our study showed both MDD and GAD were highly comorbid with OCD and gender(i.e female sex) having influence on diagnosis. This may be due to long-term suppression&underreporting of our patients due to the taboo of suchi-bai,distress caused by this suppression and denial in family life and the female majority.

Recommendations: 1)Early diagnosis and prompt management of MDD and GAD in female OCD subjects to reduce morbidity. 2) Further longitudinal community-based studies.

Keywords

Depression, OCD, GAD, Co-morbidity

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Amit Bhattacharyya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia – 721657, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To design and analysis of One-shot pulse Generator Circuit, which is composed of only one Differential Voltage Current Conveyor (DVCC) as the active element. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Two application circuits utilizing the DVCC are introduced and implemented. The first one is a general one-shot pulse generating circuit. The second design can reduce the recovery time after applying triggered signals. Is-Spice is the simulation software to simulate every model. Commercially available ICs AD844AN and passive elements are required for circuit implementation. Findings: The effectivity of the projected circuits is examined as programme and experimental outputs satisfy theoretical results. Simulated and measured waveforms of Vtrg, Vo, and VC for two projected models with T = 1 ms are shown and it is clearly observed, that even the design parameters are same; the second proposed circuit is able to reduce the recovery time. The measurements show that recovery time Tr is 281 μs for the first proposed model, and Tr is 21.3 μs for the second proposed model. Applications/Improvements: The projected models provide new applications for the DVCC based systems. They have wide applications in the instrumentation, measurement, and communication systems and phase-locked loop circuits.

Keywords

Differential Voltage Current Conveyor, One-Shot Pulse Generator, Parasitic Effects, Positive-Edge Trigger, Recovery Time.

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