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Rakshit, Amitava
- Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: A Versatile Component for Alleviation of Salt Stress
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1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, U. P., IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, U. P., IN
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Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 15, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 417-428Abstract
Salt-affected soil is one of the most serious abiotic stress that causes reduced plant growth, development and productivity worldwide. Plants, in their natural environment, are colonized both by external and internal microorganisms. These microorganisms, particularly beneficial bacteria and fungi, can improve plant performance under stress environments and, consequently, enhance yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are associated with the ischolar_mains of over 80% terrestrial plant species including halophytes, hydrophytes and xerophytes. In this respect, bioreclamation using mycorrhiza for alleviating salt stress would be a better option. AM fungi promote plant growth and salinity tolerance by different ways, such as enhancing nutrient acquisition, producing plant growth hormones, improving rhizospheric and soil conditions, altering the physiological and biochemical properties of the host and defending ischolar_mains against soil-borne pathogens.Keywords
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, K/Na Ratio, Salt Stress, Bioreclamation.References
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- Mycorrhizoremediation of Nickel and Cadmium:A Promising Technology
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Authors
Barun Kumar Manjhi
1,
Sumita Pal
1,
Sunita Kumari Meena
1,
Ranjeet Singh Yadav
1,
Alvina Farooqui
2,
H. B. Singh
3,
Amitava Rakshit
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IN
2 Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, IN
3 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IN
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IN
2 Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226 026, IN
3 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 15, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 647-652Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) are two important environmental contaminants and have detrimental effects on ecosystems and are a risk to human health as they can enter the food chain via agricultural products or contaminated drinking water. Agricultural soils in many parts of the world are moderately contaminated by Ni and Cd due to mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, industrial waste, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, vehicle exhausts and municipal sewage sludge. The remediation of heavy metals contaminated environments is a challenging task because these elements are not degradable and once entering the soil, they can persist for a longer time. Traditional methods used for the removal of heavy metals from the environment are, in general, expensive and potentially risky due to the possibility of the generation of hazardous by-products. Phytoremediation, a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants including Ni and Cd from the environment by plants, is a burning issue in plant research. However, as phytoremediation is a slow process, improvement of efficiency and thus increased stabilization or removal of these heavy metals from soils is an important goal. Efficiency of removal can be improved by mediation through arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations which are integral and functioning parts of plant ischolar_mains, as enhancing plant growth on severely disturbed sites, including those contaminated with heavy metals in particular Ni and Cd. They are reported to be present on the ischolar_mains of plants growing on heavy metal contaminated soils and play an important role in metal tolerance and accumulation. AM fungi act as a filtration barrier against transfer of heavy metals to plant shoots. The protection and enhanced capability of uptake of minerals result in greater biomass production, which is an important criteria for successful remediation. Isolation of the indigenous and presumably stress-adapted AM fungi can be a potential biotechnological tool for inoculation of plants in order to guarantee the effectiveness of AM symbiosis in the restoration of contaminated soils. Ni and Cd tolerant AM fungi like Glomus mosseae, Glomus tenue and Gigaspora spp. could protect plants against the harmful effects of metals.Keywords
Mycorrhizoremediation, Heavy Metals, Cd, Ni Environmental Contaminants, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza.References
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Authors
Shiv Shankar Kumar
1,
Shovik Deb
2,
P. B. S. Bhadoria
1,
Dibyendu Mukhopadhyay
2,
Amitava Rakshit
3,
Ashok Choudhury
2
Affiliations
1 Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302 West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar- 736 165, West Bengal, IN
3 Deptt. of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, BHU, Varanasi-221 005, U.P., IN
1 Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302 West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar- 736 165, West Bengal, IN
3 Deptt. of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, BHU, Varanasi-221 005, U.P., IN