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Pandey, Anita
- Profile of HIV Positive Attendees of an Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre in Meerut- a Changing Trend
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
1 Department of Microbiology Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 44-47Abstract
Epidemiology of HIV-AIDS in an area especially with regards to socio-demographic factors helps in choosing and implementing a particular intervention in much better way. Study included counseling and testing of clients that were either self initiated or referred from the hospital over a period of 2 years. Analysis of ICTC data of all positive attendees was done. HIV positivity rate was 1% with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. Majority of positive males were literate and belonged to service class whereas most of the positive females were housewives. Spillage of the epidemic on to general population might well cause significant alteration in trends noted till times.Keywords
HIV, Seropositive, ICTC, Attendees, Counseling
References
- Park K. Park’s Text book of Preventive and social Medicine 19th ed. Jabalpur (India) 2007; 8:359.
- National AIDS Control Organization htpp: // www.nacoonline.org
- Kunanusont C, Phoolcharoen W, Bodaramik Y. Evolution of medical services for HIV/AIDS in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 1999; 82: 425–434.
- National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Manual on Quality standards for HIV testing laboratories March 2007: 9-13
- Joardar GK, Sarkar A, Chatterjee C, Bhattacharya RN, Sarkar S, Banerjee P. Profile of attendees in the voluntary counseling and testing centre of north Bengal Medical College in Darjeeling of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2006; 31:237-240
- Lal S. Current status of AIDS and HIV infection in India. J Indian Med. Association 1994; 92:3-4
- Giri TK Wali JP, Meena HS, Pande I, Uppal S, Kailash S. Sociodemographic characterstic of HIV infection in North. Indian J. Commun. Disease 1995; 27:1-9
- Mehendale SM, Shepherd ME, Divekar AD, Gangakhedkar RR, Kamble SS, Menon PA, et al. Evidence for high prevalence & rapid transmission of HIV among individual attending STD clinics Pune, India. Indian J Med Res 1996; 104:: 327-35
- Kothari K, Goyal S. Clinical profile of AIDS. J assoc Physicians India Aids Research and Review.1999; 2:7-9.
- Correlation of C-Reactive Protein with Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Young Adult North Indian Hypertensive Males-a Prospective Study
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, Subharti Medical College, N H-58 Meerut-250005, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
3 Department of Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
5 Department of Biostatistics, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
1 Department of Physiology, Subharti Medical College, N H-58 Meerut-250005, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
3 Department of Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
5 Department of Biostatistics, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 134-138Abstract
Background & Objectives: High blood pressure has been associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a possible marker of vascular inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship between blood pressure and CRP in young adult north Indian males.
Method: A total of 30 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in the age group of 25- 40 years were enrolled for the study. Patients with history of secondary or malignant hypertension were excluded. Age and sex matched healthy normotensive subjects (n=35) were taken as control. The parameters studied were BMI, Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and CRP. C-reactive protein was measured by RHELAX CRP slide test. Statistical analysis was done by using Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient and Student's unpaired t test.
Results: We have observed significant differences (P0.01) association between blood pressure and CRP levels in the study group.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between blood pressure and CRP using highly sensitive assays as a major screening test in the prediction, diagnosis and management of essential hypertension.
Keywords
BMI, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Young Indian AdultsReferences
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- Park K. Hypertension.In: Park’s text book of preventive & social medicine 19th ed 2007; 309-314.
- Das SK, Sanyal K and Basu A. Study of urban community survey in India: Growing trend of high prevalence of hypertension in a developing country. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:70-78.
- Intengan HD and Schiffrin EL. Vascular remodeling in hypertension: roles of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hypertension 2001; 38: 581-587.
- Venugopal SK. Devaraj S, Yuhanna I, et al. Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation 2002; 106: 1439-1441.
- Lagrand WK, Visser CA, Hermens WT, et al. Creactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor: more than an epiphenomenon. circulation 1999; 100: 96-102.
- Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ET, et al. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation 2000; 102: 2165-2168.
- Bautista LE, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, et al. Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857- 861.
- Sung KC, Suh JY, Kim BS, et al. High sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independent risk factor for essential hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension 2003 ; 16: 429-433.
- Clearfield MB. C-reactive potein :A new risk assessment tool for cardio vascular disease. JAOA 2005, 105: 409-416.
- Chambers JC, Eda S, Bassett P, et al. C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, central obesity and coronary heart disease risk in Indian Asians from the United Kingdom compared with Europian Whites. Circulation 2001:104:145-150.
- Chandalia M, Cabo-chan Av Jr, Devraj S, Jialal I,Grundy SM and Abate N. Elevated plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration in Asian Indians living in the United States. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003:88:3773-3776.
- Gupta M, Singh N and Verma J. South Asians and cardiovascular risk. Circulation 2006; 113: 924-929.
- Dar MS, Pandith AA, Sameer AS, Sultan M, YousufA and Mudassar S. hs-CRP: a potential marker for hypertension in Kashmiri population. Ind J Clin Biochem 2010;25:208-212.
- Shalia KK, Mashru MR, Vasvani JB, Mokal RA, Mithbawkar SM and Thakur PK . Circulating levels of cell adhesion molecules in hypertension. Ind J Clin Biochem 2009; 24: 388- 397.
- Cao JJ, Thach C, Manolio TA, et al. C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness, and incidence of ischemic stroke in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health study. Circulation 2003; 108: 166-170.
- Tracy RP, Lemaitre RN, Psaty BM, et al. Relationship of C-reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: results from the Cardiovascular Health study and the Rural Health Promotion Project. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17: 1121-1127.
- D Napoli M and Papa F. Association between blood pressure and C-reactive protein levels in acute ischemic stroke. Hypertension 2003; 42:1117-1123.
- Lakoski SG, Herrington DM, Siscovick DM and Hulley SB. C-reactive protein concentration and incident hypertension in young adults. The CARDIA study. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 345-349.
- Abramson JL, Weintraub WS and Vaccarino V. Association between pulse pressure and Creactive protein among apparently healthy US adults. Hypertension 2002; 39:197-202.
- Gupta R, Misra A ,Vikram NK, et al. Younger age of escalation of cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indian subjects. BMC Cardiovasc disord 2009;9: 28.
- Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention Detection, Evaluation & treatment of high blood pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289 : 2560-2571.
- Gabay C and Kushner I. Mechanisms of disease: acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation. N Eng J Med 1999; 340 : 448-454.
- Tillet WS and Francis TJr. Serological reactions in pneumonia with non-protein somatic fraction of pneumococcus. J Exp Med 1930; 52:561-571.
- Das UN. Hypertension as a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition that has its origins in the perinatal period. J Assoc Physicians India 2006; 54:133-142.
- Jialal I, verma S and devraj S. Inhibition of endothelial NO synthase by C-reactive protein: clinical relevance. Clin Chem 2009; 55: 206-208.
- Wang CH, Li SH, Weisel RD, et al. C-reactive protein upregulates angiotensin type 1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle. Circulation 2003; 107: 1783-1790.
- Verma S, Li SH, Weisel RD, et al. Endothelin antagonism and interleukin-6 inhibition attenuate the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein. Circulation 2002; 105: 1890-1896.
- Kumar KV and Das UN. Are free radicals involved in the pathobiology of human essential hypertension? Free Rad Res Commun 1993; 19: 59-66.
- SaijoY, Kiyota N , Kawasakin Y,et al. Relationship between C-reactive protein and visceral adipose tissue in healthy Japanese subjects. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2004 ; 6: 249-258.
- Mohan V, Deepa R and Velmurugan K. Asssociation of C-reactive protein with body fat, diabetes and coronary artery disease in Asian Indians:The Chennai Urban-Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES -6). Diabetic Medicine 2005 ; 22: 863-870.
- Vikram NK, Misra A,Dwivedi M, et al. Correlations of C-reactive protein levels with anthropometric profile, percentage of body fat and lipids in healthy adolescents and young adults in urban North India. Atherosclerosis 2003;168 :305-313.
- Pearson TA, Mcnsah GA, Alexander RW, et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003;107: 499-511.
- A Study of Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococci from Urinary Specimens at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Meerut
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP, IN
1 Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Swami Vivekananda Subharti University, Meerut, UP, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 4, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 39-43Abstract
Owing to the paucity of information on vancomycin resistance in enterococci from India, in the present study, enterococci isolated from urine specimen were studied for there antibiotic susceptibility & screened for vancomycin resistance.
A total of 106 enterococci isolates obtained in pure and significant numbers (>10 5 cfu/ml) from urine specimens were subjected to agar screen method of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for presence/absence of vancomycin resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed by agar dilution method. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern including susceptibility to high level gentamicin (120 μg/ml) was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
Two out of hundred & six (1.9%) isolates were vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Both were Enterococcus fecalis with MIC>32 μg/ml. Although the frequency of isolation of VRE is not very high in our setting as compared to West, the problem may just be emerging. All patients with suspected UTI who have significant bacterial counts should be screened for vancomycin resistance.
Keywords
Enterococci, Vancomycin, Resistance, UrineReferences
- Schaberg DR, Zervos MJ. Intergeneric and interspecific gene exchange in gram-positive enterococci. Anti Microb Agents Chemother.1986;30:817-822.
- Murray, B.E. The life and times of the enterococcus. Clin. Microbiol.Rev.1990;3:45–65.
- Facklam RR, Collins MD. Identification of enterococcus species isolated from human infection by a conventional test scheme. J Clin Microbial 1989;27: 731-734.
- Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard- Tenth Edition CLSI document M2-A10. CLSI Wayne, Pa.
- Robert C Moellering Jr: Enterococcus species, Streptococcus bovis and Leuconostoc species. In: Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, 5th edition (Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennet JE, eds).Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000;pp2147-2166
- Low DE, Willey BM, Betschel S, Kreiswirth B: Enterococcus: pathogens of the 90’s. Eur J Surg Suppl 1994; 573:19-24.
- Faclam RR, Sahm DF and Tiexeira LM: Enterococcus In: Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th editon (Murray PR, Barron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover PC, Yolken RH eds). Washington DC ASM press, 1999; pp297-305.
- Huycke MM, Sahm DF, Gilmore MS. Multipledrug resistant enterococci: The nature of problem and agenda for the future. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1998; 4:239-249
- Desai PJ, Pandit D, Mathur M, A Gogate. Prevalence, identification and distribution of various species of enterococci isolated from clinical specimens with special reference to urinary tract infection in catheterized patients. Indian Journal of Medical MICROBIOLOGY 2001;19(3):132-137.
- Randhawa V.S, Kapoor L, Singh V and Mehta G.Aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci isolated from paediatric septicaemia in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Indian J Med Res 119 (Suppl) May 2004, 77-79
- Karmarkar M.G, Gershom ES. &. Mehta P. R. Enterococcal infections with special reference to phenotypic characterization & drug resistance. Indian J Med Res 119 (Suppl) May 2004, pp 22-25.
- Bhat KG, Paul C and Bhat MG. Neonatal bacteraemia due to high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) enterococci. Indian J Pediatr. 1997; Jul-Aug: 64(4):537-539
- Jesudason MV, Pratima VL, Pandian R, Abigail S. Characterization of penicillin resistant enterococci. Ind J Med Microbiol.1998.16 (1): 16-18
- Cetinkaya Y, P. Folk and C.Glen Mayhall. Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci. Clinical Microbiology reviews 2000: 13; 4; 686–707.
- Collins, L. A., Malanoski GJ, Eliopoulos GM, Wennersten CB,.Ferraro MJ, and Moellering RC. In vitro activity of RP 59500, an injectable streptogramin antibiotic, against vancomycinresistant gram-positive organisms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1993;37:598–601.
- Jones, R. N., Erwin M. E., and Anderson S. C. Emerging multiply resistant enterococci among clinical isolates: validation of E test to recognize glycopeptide resistant strains. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1995; 21:95–100.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin—United States, 1989–1993. Morb. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 42:597–599.
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- Use of Endophytic Bacterium (Pseudomonas Sp., MTCC9476) in Propagation and Conservation of Ginkgo biloba L.: a Living Fossil
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN
1 Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 106, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 1066-1067Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Impact of Union Budget on CNX Auto and CNX Bank
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Authors
Affiliations
1 University School of Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, IN
1 University School of Management Studies, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Management, Vol 8, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 507-515Abstract
Most of the past researches have been done on NIFTY index, and very few of them are on sectoral indices. This study focuses on CNX AUTO and CNX BANK. The paper empirically examines the effect of Union Budget on average returns provided by CNX Auto and CNX Bank. The period covered under study is from 2011 to 2015.This period includes a total of 5 Union Budgets and 1 Interim Budget. To study the impact of union budget a total of 60 trading days before and after the budget is considered and this time period was segregated into long term (30 days), medium term (10 days), short term (3 days) prior and subsequent to the declaration of the union budget. The study answers the following queries: Is the volatility in stock market induced by the budget or is it the general market volatility which we observe in any normal day? And is the stock market response to a Budget is immediate or should the market be given ‘some time’ to digest the information? The statistical tools used are paired T-test and F-test. Paired T-test is conducted on average returns and F-test is conducted on variances. The findings conclude that there is no impact of budget on the returns of long term, medium term and short term period. Volatility, on the other hands for both CNX Auto and CNX Bank does not change from long term pre budget period to all the post budget period. Further, it provides that there is no increase in the volatility as time increases in post budget period. The implication of this paper is that investor should continue with his strategy on investing in CNX Auto and CNX Bank around the budget period as there is no significant change in the volatility during budget period.Keywords
CNX Auto and CNX Bank, Budget, Volatility/variances, Returns, Pre-Budget Period and Post-Budget Period.References
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- Studies on Subalpine Forests of Hamta Pass Area in Himachal Pradesh, India with A Focus on Betula utilis Populations
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Environmental Assessment and Climate Change, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN
2 Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla 171 013, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248 002, IN
1 Centre for Environmental Assessment and Climate Change, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, IN
2 Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla 171 013, IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun 248 002, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 5 (2021), Pagination: 872-882Abstract
The present study was conducted in Hamta Pass area of Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India with a focus on Betula utilis populations. Totally 16 populations of B. utilis representing four habitats and three aspects were studied. The maximum sites were represented by moist and moist, shaded habitats with northwestern aspect. Totally 188 plant species representing trees, shrubs and herbs were recorded. Acer acuminatum, Abies pindrow, Prunus cornuta and Quercus semecarpifolia were the major associated species of B. utilis in the subalpine zone of Hamta Pass. Based on importance value index five tree communities, namely A. acuminatum, A. pindrow, B. utilis, Q. semecarpifolia and B. utilis–P. cornuta mixed were identified. Among the communities, total density of trees, shrubs and herbs was recorded from 160 to 270, 300 to 515 and 21 to 33 individuals m–2 respectively. The total basal area recorded was 6.94–42.10 m2 ha–1, species richness 15–127, and species diversity for trees 0.4–0.9, shrubs 0.0–2.1 and herbs 1.7–4.2. The density and regeneration (i.e. seedlings and saplings) of B. utilis in most of the populations revealed that this species will continue to grow in the area. However, continued anthropogenic activities, climate change and other factors may cause population depletion in the study area.Keywords
Betula utilis, Regeneration, Species Diversity, Species Richness, Subalpine Forests, Total Basal Area.Full Text