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C. S. Choudhary ¹, Anjana Arun ¹, S. M. Prasad ²

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Agwanpur, SAHARSA (BIHAR), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, RANCHI (JHARKHAND), IN

Abstract

The crop sown on June 5, recorded lowest percentage Alternaria leaf spot disease intensity (PDI) of 19.25 and 26.00 per cent during Kharif, 2002-03 and 2003-04 crop seasons, respectively. A relatively higher PDI was recorded with the advancement of dates of sowing. The late sowing (August) crop favoured quick disease development and recorded highest (60.50 and 70.50 %) disease intensity. The mean temperature 21.94 to 29.14°C; mean relative humidity 74.35 to 90.63 per cent, mean rainfall of 7.81 to 12.33 mm and 38 to 40 rainy days during the seasons favoured disease development. Highest seed yield of 380.0 kg/ha and 364.0 kg/ha were recorded when crop was sown timely on 25^th June during both the years, respectively. Multiple regression equation between disease index and weather variables exhibited strong relationship among the different components of epiphytotics during both the years of study and indicated that the combined effect of different weather variables favoured the disease development causing upto 99 per cent variation in the disease index.

Keywords

Sesame, Dates of Sowing, Weather Parameters, Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease.

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Anjana Arun ¹, C. S. Choudhary ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, SAMASTIPUR (BIHAR), IN
2 Regional Research Station, Agwanpur, SAHARSA (BIHAR), IN

Abstract

Out of the seven fungicides tested in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, carbendazim 50WP and benlate 50WP were found most effective in checking the colony growth to 00 mm (completely check) followed by thiram75WP (10.52 mm), captafol 80WP (14.21 mm) and captan 50WP (15.24 mm). In field trial studies, seedling emergence and mortality inhibition were maximum in case of the seeds treated with Trichoderma viride (92.35% and 5.63%) followed by carbendazim 50WP (84.60% and 6.96%). Maximum linseed yield (7.93q/ha) was obtained when seeds treated with Trichoderma viride (10⁷ spores/g).

Keywords

Linseed, Fuasarium oxysporium f. Lini, Management, Fungicides.

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Diwakar Paswan ¹, Anjana Arun ¹, Ajeet Kumar ¹, C. S. Choudhary ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Agwanpur, Saharsa (Bihar), IN

Abstract

Maximum N uptake in wheat crop was obtained with successive increase in level of fertilizer, plant population and organic manure application. The maximum N-uptake of 137.64 kg/ha was recorded at harvest with the application of highest does of nitrogen i.e., 180 kg/ha. Application of higher level of fertilizer and organic manure and higher plant population increase the P uptake. The maximum phosphorus uptake of 17.19 kg/ha were recorded at harvest with the application of 75 kg phosphorus/ha. The same way K uptake was also observed to increase with increase in level of fertilizer, plant population and organic manure application.

Keywords

NPK Uptake, Growth Stages, Wheat, Yield.

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Ajeet Kumar ¹, C. S. Choudhary ¹, Diwakar Paswan ¹, Brijesh Kumar ², Anjana Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Agwanpur, Saharsa (Bihar), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa (Bihar), IN

Abstract

Phosphorus is the second important key element after nitrogen as a nutrient in terms of quantitative plant requirement. Although phosphorus is abundant in soils (organic and inorganic forms), its availability is restricted as it occurs mostly in insoluble forms. The phosphorus content in soil is about 0.05 per cent (w/w) but only 0.1 per cent of the total phosphorus is available to plant because of poor solubility and its fixation in every type of soil. An adequate supply of phosphorus during early phase of plant development is important for laying down the primordia of plant parts. It plays significant role in ischolar_main ramification, thereby imparting vitality to plant. It also helps in seed formation and in early maturation of crops. Poor availability or deficiency of phosphorus markedly reduces plant size and growth. Phosphorus accounts about 0.2 - 0.8 per cent of the plant dry weight. To satisfy crop requirements, phosphorus is usually added to soil as chemical fertilizer, however, synthesis of chemical fertilizer is highly energy intensive processes, and has long term impacts on the environment in terms of eutrophication, soil fertility depletion, carbon footprint. Moreover, plants use only a small amount of phosphorus, because about 80-90 per cent of added phosphorus is precipitated by metal-cation complexes, and rapidly fixed in soils. Such environmental concerns have led to the search for sustainable way of phosphorus nutrition of crops. In this regards phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms have been seen as best eco-friendly means for phosphorus nutrition of crop. Although, several bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacilli) and fungal strains (Aspergillus and Penicillium) have been identified as PSM. Their performance under in situ conditions is not reliable and therefore, needs to be improved by using co-inoculation techniques. This review focuses on the diversity of PSM, mechanism of P solubilization, role of various phosphatase, impact of various factors on solubilization, the present and future scenario of their use and potential for application of this knowledge in managing a sustainable agricultural system.

Keywords

Soil Phosphorus, PSM, Solubilization, Biodiversity, Biofertilizers, Siderophores, TCP, Organic Acids.

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Ajeet Kumar ¹, Diwakar Paswan ¹, C. S. Choudhary ¹, Brijesh Kumar ¹, Anjana Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Regional Research Station, Agwanpur, Saharsa (Bihar), IN

Abstract

The paper attempts to explore research findings focusing on the climate change impact on organic agriculture and its impact on climate change through scientific literature review. This review reveals that climate change and agriculture are closely linked and interdependent. Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective both in reducing GHGs (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) emission mainly due to the less use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuel. Organic agriculture also reported to be climate change resilience farming systems as it promotes the proper management of soil, water and biodiversity by acting as a good options for adaptation to climate change. But, due to lack of proper research, the contribution of organic agriculture for climate change adaptation and mitigation is yet to be known. It is argued that organic agriculture positively contributes to offset negative impacts of climate change, but there is inadequate systematic data to substantiate this fact.

Keywords

Adaptation, Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases Mitigation, Organic Agriculture.

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