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Umar, Asad
- A Note on the Occurrence of Heavy Metals in the Aquifers of Ganga-Kali Interfluve Area, Etah District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors
1 Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202002, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 61, No 6 (2003), Pagination: 729-732Abstract
The hydrochemical studies in parts of Central Ganga basin, Etah district of Uttar Pradesh have revealed the presence of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni and Cr in the groundwater of shallow aquifer zones. Heavy metal concentrations in the deep aquifer zones are within the recommended limits of Indian Standard (IS) specified for the domestic use. The study shows that the groundwater from the deeper aquifers is suitable for domestic usage.- Microbial Contamination in the Groundwater of Aligarh City
Authors
1 Hydrogeology Section, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, RAK Institute of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U., Aligarh, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 58, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 157-162Abstract
Aligarh city is a part of the central Ganga Plain. The Quaternary alluvium in the area has been deposited on a faulted and eroded surface of upper Vindhyan shale which comprises sand, silt and clay with occasional calcrete beds. There are three levels of aquifer in the alluvium of the area. The top aquifer lies at a depth of 9-66 m and is highly vulnerable to microbial and chemical pollution. The present paper evaluates the microbial contamination of groundwater, which was analysed using water samples from shallow (hand pumps) and deep aquifers (tube wells) at different sites during the summer season. Samples were examined for total aerobic heterotrophic bacterial load by the plate count method and the multiple tube dilution method for determining the most probable number (MPN) index of total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria. Microbiological analysis showed that microbial (heterotrophic bacterial) contamination in groundwater was maximum in wells with hand pumps (private) and least in tubewell water. Total coliform and faecal coliform contamination are also found comparatively more in wells with hand pumps than tubewells. It indicated that those who drink groundwater from hand pump (India Mark) may be at increased risk of infection and disease from pathogenic bacteria. The level of contamination is expected to increase in the rainy season. Immediate attention is hence needed to monitor all public drinking water systems for total coliform and faecal coliform contaminations and to assess the pathogenic potential of microbial contaminants.Keywords
Microbial Contamination, Groundwater, Faecal Pathogens, Health, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.- Ground Water Market and Farmers' Perceptions for Electricity Tariff System in Uttarakhand - A Case Study
Authors
Source
Journal of Rural Development, Vol 29, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 43-56Abstract
The study area which is part of Upper Ganga basin is a densely populated region where ground water (GW) has become the mainstay of irrigated agriculture. However, the development of GW is taking place without scientific understanding and proper planning. Energy especially electricity, has contributed significantly to the development and exploitation of GW resources, improving productivity and enhancing livelihood options in the region. However, lack of appropriate energy policy has not only indirectly contributed to over exploitation of GW, creating a water -energy nexus but this has also resulted in economic inefficiency of electricity utilities, playing havoc with energy economy and seriously affecting the viability and reform process of energy sector.
Uttarakhand State Electricity Regulatory Commission under Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme (APDRP) has initiated the process of meter installation for regular energy audit to assess transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and eliminate all power theft as soon as possible. The logic in support of metered tariff is obvious and unexceptionable. Several issues seem to be critical in case of transition from flat rate to actual metering of energy supply. In this study an attempt has been made to assess the power reform progress in Uttarakhand with special reference to Haridwar district, its impact on GW usage and productivity and to know the perception of farming community related to metering and flat tariff regime.