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Darvin Pal ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ², Raghuvir Singh ³, Kaushlendra Kumar ⁴, Adesh Singh ³, S. S. Tomar ³

Affiliations
1 Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, IN
2 ashishdwivedi842@gmail.com, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN
4 Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2012 at CRC of SVPUA and T, Meerut to evaluate the weed dynamics and performance of urdbean under integrated effect of land configurations and weed management regimes. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. In main plot factor, four land configuration i.e. Line sowing (30 cm), Ridge method, Broad bed method (30 cm) and Broadcast sowing and in sub plot factor, four method of weed management practices, i.e. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, two hand weedings at (20 and 40 DAS), and Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence and control were tested by using F test. The study on weeds and crop growth parameters was made on quadrate (1 m2) basis, whereas the yield attributes and yield were calculated on net plot area basis (12 m2). The economical studies were done on the basis of prevailing market prices of input and output. The results indicated that weed population and dry weight of weeds were significantly reduced with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence over Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. Plant population, growth parameters viz., plant height, number of trifoliate leaves and dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index found superior by using Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence than Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. This treatment also fetched Rs. 40631 and 53753 net and gross return, respectively. Moreover, under land configurations, Broad bed method (30 cm) showed highest values of above parameters followed by Ridge method, Line sowing (30 cm), and Broadcast sowing. Apart from above it also bring significantly reduction in weed population and dry weight of weeds. Thus, broad bed method in combination with Quizalofop ethyl @50 g a.i./ha as post emergence may be suggested for effective control of weeds in urdbean with maximum net return.

Keywords

Alluvial Soil, Land Configurations, Urdbean, Weed Dynamics, Weed Management Regimes

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Darvin Pal ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Raghuvir Singh ¹, Kaushlendra Kumar ², Adesh Singh ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN
2 Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250110, U.P., IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2012 at CRC of SVPUA and T, Meerut to evaluate the weed dynamics and performance of urdbean under integrated effect of land configurations and weed management regimes. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. In main plot factor, four land configuration i.e. Line sowing (30 cm), Ridge method, Broad bed method (30 cm) and Broadcast sowing and in sub plot factor, four method of weed management practices, i.e. Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, two hand weedings at (20 and 40 DAS), and Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence and control were tested by using F test. The study on weeds and crop growth parameters was made on quadrate (1 m2) basis, whereas the yield attributes and yield were calculated on net plot area basis (12 m2). The economical studies were done on the basis of prevailing market prices of input and output. The results indicated that weed population and dry weight of weeds were significantly reduced with the application of Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence over Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. Plant population, growth parameters viz., plant height, number of trifoliate leaves and dry matter accumulation and yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index found superior by using Quizalofop ethyl @50 gm a.i/ha as post emergence than Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence, Two hand weedings at (20 & 40 DAS) and control. This treatment also fetched Rs. 40631 and 53753 net and gross return, respectively. Moreover, under land configurations, Broad bed method (30 cm) showed highest values of above parameters followed by Ridge method, Line sowing (30 cm), and Broadcast sowing. Apart from above it also bring significantly reduction in weed population and dry weight of weeds. Thus, broad bed method in combination with Quizalofop ethyl @50 g a.i./ha as post emergence may be suggested for effective control of weeds in urdbean with maximum net return.

Keywords

Alluvial Soil, Land Configurations, Urdbean, Weed Dynamics, Weed Management Regimes

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U. P. Shahi ¹, Mamta ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ², Ashok Kumar ¹, B. P. Dhyani ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, IN
2 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, IN

Abstract

A thrice replicated field experiment was conducted to study the effect of biocompost and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of potato. The experimental results revealed that, highest tuber yield was recorded in 100% NPK followed by 87.5% NPK with the least in control. Application effect of biocompost @ 12 t ha^-1 was found to be similar to 50% NPK in respect of potato yield, while the application of inorganic fertilizers above 50% NPK showed superiority in terms of yield over all the doses of biocompost. Among the various treatments of inorganic fertilizers and biocompost, treatment where 100% RDF of NPK was applied proved to be superior to other treatments in terms of growth parameters, tuber yield and macronutrients content. However, micronutrient content in tuber was found higher in the treatments of biocompost application. By comparing the tuber yields obtained in the different treatments at harvesting, it was found that 50% inorganic NPK can be saved with the application of biocompost @ 12 t ha^-1. Micronutrients content in soil was buffered to its initial value with the application of different doses of biocompost while declined in case of inorganic fertilization.

Keywords

Biocompost, Spentwash, Chemical Fertilizers Substitution, Soil Fertility.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Adesh Singh ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹, Priyanka Bankoti ², Onkar Singh ³, Kapil Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN
2 Deptt. of Agronomy, Sri Guru Ram Rai Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, IN
3 Deptt. of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN
4 Deptt. of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, U.P., IN

Abstract

It is imperative that the world farmlands turn out to be the frontline for the battle to feed the projected 9 billion population globally. The deleterious effects of climate change on food security can be counteracting by broad-based agriculture development particularly enhanced crop diversification to mitigate farmer risk about complete destruction of crop that will overcome the impacts of climate change. It will also lead to benefits like improved food security besides improving soil nutrients. Therefore, a field trial was conducted. The experimental results revealed that application of 100% NPK with PSB and Zn in paired planted mashbean accumulated significantly more dry matter than rest of the treatment combinations, whereas normal planted mashbean intercropped with maize recorded maximum total uptake (8.15%) than 100% NPK alone. Likewise in maize similar trends were observed in dry matter and protein content. Moreover, application of 100% NPK alone with PSB and Zn on normal planted sole maize was brought significant improvement in organic carbon and potassium. However, nitrogen recorded higher under paired planted maize+mashbean. Though, normal (50 cm) planted maize+mashbean resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.73) at same fertility level.

Keywords

B:C Ratio, Maize+Mashbean, Intercropping, N Uptake, Protein Content, Soil Nutrients.

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Vinay Pandey ¹, Adesh Singh ¹, Ashish Dwivedi ¹, S. S. Tomar ¹, Kapil Kumar ², Roop Kishor ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P., IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U.P., IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Doon (P.G.) College of Agric. Science & Technology Affiliation-Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Deharadun, Uttrakhand, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 on sandy loam soil. The experiment aimed to evaluate the performance of hybrid maize with urdbean and mungbean under different planting patterns. In this investigation, 9 treatment combinations viz., maize with normal (1:1), paired (2:2) and strip (3:3) planted urdbean (Vigna mungo) and mungbean (Vigna radiata) along with all the three crops in their sole stands were tested in randomized block design with 3 replications. The study revealed that strip planted maize+urdbean (3:3) being on par with maize+mungbean (3:3) recorded significantly highest values of growth parameters, nodulation habitat, yield attributes and yield of maize in terms of grain yield (45.6 q/ha) and stover yield (77.8 q/ha), except phenological parameters and mortality %. In terms of protein in maize grains and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grains and stover, strip (3:3) planted maize proved its superiority over sole and normal (1:1) planted maize. Likewise, in intercrops, all the growth parameters, yields, nutrients content and protein yield were statistically superior in their sole as compared to normal (1:1), paired (2:2) and strip (3:3) planting with maize, except plant height.

Keywords

Zea mays L., Intercropping, Nutrient Content, Protein Yield, Row Ratio, Yield Attributes.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Biofuel development in India centres mainly on the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds which are very rich in oil (40%). The drivers for this are historic, functional, economic, environmental, moral and political. Jatropha oil has been used in India for several decades as biodiesel for the diesel fuel requirements of remote rural and forest communities; jatropha oil can be used directly after extraction (i.e. without refining) in diesel generators and engines. Jatropha has the potential to provide economic benefits at the local level since under suitable management it has the potential to grow in dry marginal non-agricultural lands, thereby allowing villagers and farmers to leverage non-farm land for income generation. As well, increased Jatropha oil production delivers economic benefits to India on the macroeconomic or national level as it reduces the nation’s fossil fuel import bill for diesel production (the main transportation fuel used in the country); minimizing the expenditure of India’s foreign-currency reserves for fuel allowing India to increase its growing foreign currency reserves (which can be better spent on capital expenditures for industrial inputs and production). And since Jatropha oil is carbon-neutral, large-scale production will improve the country’s carbon emissions profile. Finally, since no food producing farmland is required for producing this biofuel (unlike corn or sugar cane ethanol, or palm oil diesel).

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Drought is the greatest annoyance in countries like India where the economy is still depends on the agriculture. Hence tackling drought is foreseeable. The adoption of appropriate soil management regimes like conservational tillage, mulching, use of manure, compost, green manure, concentrated organic manure and sheep penning can show the way to an enhanced agricultural production in drought hit areas of our country. These management practices are not only cheap but also effective, environment friendly, good from soil health view point and sustainable in long period of time.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

A detailed retrospective of the Green Revolution, its achievement and limits in terms of agricultural productivity improvement, and its broader impact at social, environmental, and economic levels is provided. Lessons learned and the strategic insights are reviewed as the world is preparing a “redux” version of the Green Revolution with more integrative environmental and social impact combined with agricultural and economic development. Core policy directions for Green Revolution 2.0 that enhance the spread and sustainable adoption of productivity enhancing technologies are specified. The developing world witnessed an extraordinary period of food crop productivity growth over the past 50 y, despite increasing land scarcity and rising land values. Although populations had more than doubled, the production of cereal crops tripled during this period, with only a 30% increase in land area cultivated.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Lantana camara is an aggressive alien flora in the country. Invasive alien species are non-native organisms that cause, or have the potential to cause, damage to the environment, economics or human health. Aliens are invariably introduced without their natural enemies that control and balance their spread in their native land and hence grow without any hindrance causing damage to the environment. Alien flora are often referred to as ‘biological pollutants’ due to their detrimental impacts on the man managed and natural ecosystems.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Soil erosion is a world-wide challenge for sustainability of agriculture especiallyin the tropical region. The rates of soil erosion that exceed the generation of new top soilare a dynamic process which leads to decline in the soil productivity, low agricultural yield and income. The balance between soil-forming and depleting processes is of utmost importance for attaining long-term sustainability in any production system. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is a major problem in the semiarid region of Lower Chambal Valley. In the present study Land sat satellite images for the years of 1977, 1990 and 2000 have been used to identify the change in degraded land in the region. Evidences suggest that the rate of encroachment of arable land is high and is equal to spreading rate of degraded land. The data obtained by field survey reveal that productivity of crop land is negatively correlated with share of degraded land to gross cropped area. The productivity of agriculture, measured through gross value of output per area, is comparatively high in villages having fewer shares of degraded land and vice-versa. Simple linear regression model explains high variation of productivity by high share of degraded land (above 50 % of gross cropped area).

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Tropical country like India global warming would adversely affect the human health. Moreover, the incidence of mosquito borne infectious diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filaria, dengue fever, chikungunya and West Nile fever would increase. Whereas, the scourges of sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS, hepatitis B, gonorrhoea and syphilis would also increase 7 fold. There would also be raise the incidence of non-infectious diseases like night blindness, rickets, anaemia, marasmus, beriberi, kwashiorkor and pellagra.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

There is no reliable study of worldwide damage due to weeds. However, it is widely known that losses caused by weeds have exceeded the losses from any category of agricultural pests such as insects, nematodes, diseases, rodents, etc. The potential crop yield loss without weed control was estimated by 43%, on a global scale. While has reported that of the total annual loss of agricultural produce from various pests, weeds account for 45%, insects 30%, diseases 20% and other pests 5%. Annual worldwide losses to weeds were estimated to comprise approximately 10-15% of attainable production among the principal food sources. Moreover, among insects collected, 50% were harmful either as pests of plants or parasites on useful insects and other animals. These matter collected at different research paper, showed that insects and weed are widely distributed on the earth and play a vital role in the environment.

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