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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, Rajeswari Sundarababu ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Nematology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Glasshouse and micro-plot experiments were conducted to find out the influence of different application methods of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae such as seed pelleting, AMF mixed with soil and as a layer under seed, AMF soil pelleting, and direct application of spores against ischolar_main-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on black gram (Vigna mungo). In both experiments, application of G. mosseae to black gram plants suppressed M. incognita soil population by up to 14-49% under pot culture and 35-46% reduction over nematode alone treatments. Variations among different application methods of AMF were observed in terms of plant growth and suppression of the nematode population. Among the methods tested, AMF mixed with soil recorded least gall index (2.8 and 2.2 in pot culture and micro-plot, respectively) and nematode population, (290 and 280/200g soil in pot and micro plot condition, respectively).

Keywords

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Biological Management, Inoculation Methods, Meloidogyne incognita, Vigna mungo.

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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, B. Singaravelu ¹, N. Somasekhar ¹, G. Santhalakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Penetration and pathogenicity of seven species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), viz., Heterorhabditis indica (LN2), H. bacteriophora (LN8), Heterorhabditis sp. (HII), Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. riobrave and S. feltiae to sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, was studied under laboratory conditions with bioassay techniques. Significant differences were observed in mean penetration of the EPNs in C. infuscatellus larvae. The penetration rate recorded was highest in S. glaseri followed by S. carpocapsae (29 and 18% respectively), while it was lowest in the three species of heterorhabditids, Heterorhabditis sp. (HII), H. indica (LN2) and H. bacteriophora (LN8). In pathogenicity studies, mortality of the early shoot borer larvae increased with increase in dosage. The larval mortality was 83.3 per cent at the dose of 50 infective juveniles (IJs) of H. indica and S. glaseri. It was least at 10 IJs/larva of all EPNs tested. The LD₅₀ values showed that S. glaseri was superior to all other EPN species (24.2 IJs/larva) followed by S. feltiae (26.6 IJs/larva).

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Early Shoot Borer, Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, Sugarcane.

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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, N. Somasekhar ¹, B. Singaravelu ¹, M. Shanmugasundaram ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore - 641 007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The penetration and pathogenicity of five species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), viz., Heterorhabditis indica (isolate LN2), H. bacleriophora, Steinernema giaseri, S. riobrare and S. feltiae to the sugarcane internode borer (INB), Chilo sacchariphagus inilicus (Kapur), were studied under laboratory conditions. Significant differences were observed among mean penetration of the EPNs. The highest penetration (42.2%) was observed for the steinerncmatids, S. glaseri and S. riobrave (28.3%) and the lowest penetration for the two heterorhabditids. H. indica (5.5%) and H. bacteriophora (5.2%). In pathogenicity studies, mortality of the INB increased with increase in dosage. The borer suffered 100 per cent mortality with 40 and 50IJs of H. indica and with 50IJs larva⁻¹ of S. glaseri. The lowest mortality (10 to 26.6%) of INB was observed at a dosage of 10IJs larva⁻¹ of all EPNs. H. indica was found to be superior among all EPN species with an LD₅₀ of I4.7IJs larva⁻¹. The LD₅₀ values for other EPNs were 17.9IJs larva⁻¹ for S. glaseri, 24.4IJs larva⁻¹ for H. bacteriophora, 27.5IJs larva⁻¹ for S. riobrave and 33.1IJs larva⁻¹ for S. feltiae.

Keywords

Chilo sacchariphagus indicus, Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Haterorhabditis steinernema, Sugarcane Internode Borer.

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P. Pugalendhi ¹, C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, P. Selvaraj ¹, P. Subramanian ¹, S. Nagini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, Rajeswari Sundarababu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nematology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Influence of moisture and pH on the efficiency of VA-mycorrhiza, Glomus mosseae against Meloidogyne incognita on blackgram was studied under potted conditions. The moisture level of 40 to 70 per cent was found suitable for the mycorrhizal colonization and unfavourable for nematode multiplication. Among the moisture levels tested 70 per cent moisture was found suitable for the well establishment of VAM to control ischolar_main knot nematode. ffigher moisture level (80-100%) was found detrimental to VAM fungus and due to poor establishment of VAM it resulted in increased nematode population. Among the different pH levels tested for interaction studies, pH7 was suitable for better mycorrhizal colonization and spore production.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Blackgram, Glomus mosseae, Meloidogyne incognita, Moisture, pH.

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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, S. S. Hussaini ¹, P. SreeramaFumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Box No. 249 I, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The efficacy of Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard cultured on different substrates such as sorghum grain, rice grain, broken wheat, maize grain and wheat bran, was tested against meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) Chitwood 1949 with tomato cv. Pusa Ruby under potted condition. All the substrates favoured the multiplication of V. chlamydosporium and enabled the fungus to suppress the galls, egg masses and nematode population. The degree of suppression of nematode by V. chlamydosporium varied with the substrates used and the per cent parasitization of egg masses and eggs of M. incognita ranged between 39 to 70 and 51 to 89, respectively. Verticillium chlamydosporium cultured on sorghum grain applied @10glplant as well as Sglplant was found to be superior to other substrates in terms of parasitization of egg masses (70 and 89.3 %) and eggs (63 and 69 %), respectively. A significant increase in growth of tomato plants was observed with V. chlamydosporium treated plants.

Keywords

Biological Control, Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato, Verticillium chlamydosporium.

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C. Sankaranarayanan ¹, S. S. Hussaini ¹, P. Sreerama Kumar ¹, R. D. Prasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In vitro experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fungal filtrates against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Significant nematode mortality was observed in all the culture filtrates and as the exposure time increased there was an increase in mortality of nematodes recorded. The culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (PDBCTH 2) and T. koningii Oudem recorded 100 per cent mortality within 24 h of exposure in both the nematode species. Culture filtrates of different fungi under study, except T. harzianum (PDBCTH 7 and PDBCTH 8) against M. incognita and PDBCTH 8 against M. javanica, recorded 100 per cent nematode mortality at 96 h of exposure.

Keywords

Culture Filtrate, Gliocladium spp., Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Trichoderma spp.

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