Informatics Publishing Limited

Zaharaddeen S. Iro ¹, C. Subramani ¹, Hafeef Y. Hafeez ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this paper, we report the fabrication and analysis of twelve (12) different supercapacitors using metal oxide electrode as cathode and carbon electrode as anode. Methods: The metal oxide electrode was prepared using Solgel method by combining any two (2) out of this (3) transition metals Nickle (Ni), Cobalt (Co) and Manganese (Mn) to see which will produce the highest specific capacitance. The work reported here differs from other works, because the degree of inversion was varied by a factor of 0.2 to see the effect it will have on the performance. The morphology and crystal structure of each cell was studied using Scanning Electrode Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the performance was tested using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and galvanometric analysis. Findings: The obtained CV plots were used to calculate specific capacitance of each cell and comparison of results was made with other supercapacitors. From the SEM images it was observed that sample 11 had large pores this allowed easy diffusion of electrolyte, whereas sample 12 had a non-uniform crystalline image with hairy surface which made it difficult for electrolyte to pass. The highest specific capacitance value obtained was 78 Fg^-1 for sample 11 (Mn_0.6Co_0.4) and the minimum value obtained was 5 Fg^-1 (Mn_0.8Co_0.2) for sample 12. The use of different metal oxides with different inversion factor made it possible to see the contribution of each metal oxide and by combining two out of three made it possible to reduce cost. Applications: With the invention of supercapacitors it made it easy to incorporate for application purpose due to its unique qualities like high power density and good cycle life. It is currently being used in hybrid electrical vehicle, power quality improvement.

Keywords

Asymmetric Hybrids, Cyclic Voltammetry, Metal Oxide, Specific Capacitance, Supercapacitor.

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V. Krithika ¹, C. Subramani ², A. Geetha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechatronics, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The objective is to develop a smart adaptive suspension system that dynamically varies the damping coefficient to achieve better control and improve the ride quality of an automobile. Adaptive/semi-active systems can only change the viscous damping coefficient of the shock absorber, and do not add energy to the suspension system. Though limited in their intervention, semi-active suspensions are less expensive to design and consume far less power. In recent times, research in semi-active suspensions has continued to advance on their capabilities, narrowing the gap between semi-active and fully active suspension systems. The various ways of achieving semi-active suspension systems are through solenoid/valve actuated, MR fluid and ER fluid mechanisms. Among the ways mentioned above, we chose to realize our objective using MR fluid damper system due to its favourable properties which are discussed later. It consists of an ultrasonic sensor to detect uneven terrain that needs specific hardening/softening of the suspension. The input to the system also includes the speed sensor. Once the central controller calculates the required stiffness of the suspension, it actuates a magnetic circuit that produces a magnetic field around the damper. The damper is filled with Magneto-Rheological fluid (MR Fluid) containing small iron filings. The magnetic field manipulates the non-Newtonian effects of the MR fluid to change the stiffness of the suspension system. This concept can be implemented for vibration control applications from automobiles to railway vehicles and civil structures. This system can be used in modern anti earth quake building base construction.

Keywords

Adaptive Suspension System, IR Sensor, Magneto-Rheological Fluid (MR Fluid), MR Fluid Damper System, Ultrasonic Sensor.

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S. Harish Kiran ¹, Subhransu Sekhar Dash ¹, C. Subramani ¹, Somashree Pathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study is the Predetermination of stability in power system network by optimization techniques by two different line stability indices. A hybrid optimization technique has derived by modifying Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) and implemented in identifying the power system network stability conditions. Two line stability indices, such as Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) and Apparent Line Power Stability Index (ALPSI) are used as a stability proximator tool. The performance of the proposed hybrid technique is effectively instigated in "IEEE - 14 Bus System" and its outcomes are compared with conventional method.

Keywords

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Hybrid Genetic Algorithm, Voltage Stability, Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI), Apparent Line Power Stability Index (ALPSI)

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P. Jekan ¹, C. Subramani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EIE, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of EEE, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Rotary inverted pendulum is a system that is often used in the domain of control theory to perform experiments. It is a complex yet interesting system that helps better understand concepts of control mechanism. It is an example of a non-linear oscillator. The pendulum is under actuated and extremely non-linear due to the gravitational forces and the coupling arising from centripetal forces.The experiment aims at swinging up the pendulum and balancing it in the upright position.Methods/Statistical Analysis: This paper describes the existing system of Furuta Inverted Pendulum manufactured by Quanser. The system consists of a motor-run rotary arm which in turn controls a pendulum. PID controller is a very commonly used controller to set the process parameters at the desired values. It can be easily tuned and also helps make use of trial and error mechanism. Cascade controller makes use of two PID controllers. Findings:The main aim of this work is to compare the performance of two controllers, namely PID controller and Cascade controller, in controlling the pendulum in the upright position and to detect their performance. The criteria of comparison would be factors including low settling time and a stable output which would make the control action more efficient and smooth. The simulation results obtained in Matlab Simulink for Conventional PID and Cascade PID controllers are included. From the simulation results the Rise time and settling time has improved by using cascade PID controller but comparatively PID has given less noise.Applications/Improvements:This work can be made use of in a number of scenarios like flight control, control of rocket propeller, unicycle, Segway transporters (which are self-balancing battery powered vehicles), two-wheel robots etc.

Keywords

Cascade PID Controller, Balance Control, PID Controller, Robust Control, Rotary Inverted Pendulum.

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G. Prakash ¹, C. Subramani ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Peter’s University, Chennai - 600054, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Kancheepuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This paper looks at the execution of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for a Quasi three phase Z-source inverter. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this study, a Quasi Z-source inverter is an another method got from the customary Z-source inverter. The Quasi Z-source inverter acquires every one of the upsides of the Z- source inverter, which is used for buck/boost, conditioning power and reversal in a solitary step with an enhanced dependability. Findings: Likewise, the proposed Quasi Z-source inverter has the novel points of interest in a minimum part appraisals and steady dc current from the source. QZSI highlights an extensive variety of voltage addition which is applicable for photovoltaic system applications, due to the reason a photovoltaic cells yield differs broadly with temperature and sunlight based illumination. The working attributes of the proposed arrangement is examined in subtle element and contrasted with that of the SPWM and SVM. Hypothetical examination of voltage help and regulation techniques for the QZSI in PV is researched in this paper. Applications/Improvements: Recreation of the circuit setup for the mentioned balance techniques have been looked at in MATLAB/Simulation. Moreover, the THD investigation of both SPVM and SVM is checked.

Keywords

Photovoltaic, Sinusoidal Pulse Modulation, Space Vector Modulation, Total Harmonic Distortion

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A. Geetha ¹, C. Subramani ¹, V. Krithika ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechatronics, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The main objective of this research is to develop a bi-directional four quadrant DC-DC converter for an energy efficient electric vehicle. Methods/Analysis: The model of electric vehicle is designed using MATLAB software. The results confirm that the proposed DC-DC converter structure is highly reliable, lighter in weight, smaller in volume, with good efficiency, less electromagnetic interference and lower current or voltage ripple. Findings: The issues on global warming and fossil fuels depletion have created opportunities to Electric Vehicle (EV). The main characteristics of Energy storage system in vehicles include energy density, power density, lifetime, cost and maintenance. Most of the electric and hybrid electric configurations use two energy storage devices, one with high energy storage capacity, called the "Main Energy System" (MES) and the other with high power capacity called the "Auxiliary Energy Storage System" (AESS). Other challenge in electric vehicle is to maintain the state of charge within the allowable limits and sharing of energy between the storage devices. For proper sharing of energy between the storage devices, DC-DC converter plays a crucial role. Novelty/Improvement: A novel Switched Capacitor DC-DC power converter and their controllers are investigated.

Keywords

Auxiliary Energy Storage System, Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Main Energy System, Ultra capacitor.

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S. Usha ¹, C. Subramani ¹, B. Dinesh Naidu ¹, M. S. R. Vishnu Venkatesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Kattakulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objective: A novel soft switching technique is implemented in a Bidirectional DC-DC converter by using an Active clamped Auxiliary switch and in turn it achieves continuous current of inductor and operates at constant frequency is used to turn ON and turn OFF the switches. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The Power electronics converter systems have DC bus voltages they are connected to batteries or supercapacitors. Bidirectional converters which are connected to battery, supercapacitor allows them to charge or discharge. A new soft switching Bi-directional direct current to direct current converter is presented in this paper. This converter is operated in zero voltage and zero current switching, continuous inductor current and constant frequency that frequency is used to turn ON and turn OFF the switches. The switching stresses are reduced in this proposed method by auxiliary switches compared to traditional methods. The simulation results are obtained by using MATLAB software in this paper. Findings: The proposed converter is implemented by using an Auxiliary switch with soft switching technique. The output is ripple free DC voltage of 63.5V. Improvements: The Bidirectional Converter will operate at continuous inductor current also with less ripples in output voltage.

Keywords

Auxiliary Circuit, Continuous Inductor Current, DC-DC Converter, Power Electronics, Pulse Width Modulation, Soft-Switching.

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