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R. Balamurugan ¹, D. Chandrasekaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Vet. College & Res. Instt., Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Sci. Univ., Namakkal, TN, IN

Abstract

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with seven treatments: T1- Control (without enzyme); T2 - 500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme; T3 -1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme; T4-500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme + Phytase, 0.2 per cent DCP reduction; T5-1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme + Phytase, 0.4% DCP reduction; T6- 500 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme, 2.5% reduction of metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine; T7 1000 g/ton NSP hydrolyzing enzyme, 5% reduction of metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine. The weight gain (g) recorded in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 groups was 1485, 1561, 1600, 1529, 1451, 1417 and 1449 respectively. No significant difference was recorded between the control and enzyme added groups. Significantly (P<0.01) lower feed intake was observed in T6, T2 and T7 compared to T1. The feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.05) better in T2 (1.50) and T3 (1.52) compared to T1 (1.65). A significant or numerical increase in the blood glucose levels was observed in the enzyme supplemented groups compared to the control in before, after 1hr, after 2 hr and after 3hr feeding periods.

Keywords

Broiler, Poultry, Enzyme, Phytase, Weight Gain, Feed, Blood Glucose

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R. Balamurugan , D. Chandrasekaran , A. Kirubakaran

Abstract

A biological trial in broilers was conducted with 7 treatments namely control (T1) as per nutrient requirements of poultry (NRC, 1994) specification, (T2) control plus 0.05 and (T3) 0.1% enzyme and control plus 0.05 and 0.1% enzyme, with (T4) 0.2%, (T5) 0.4% reduction in dicalcium phosphate with enzyme mixtures plus phytase with (T6) 2.5% and (T7) 5% reduction in metabolizable energy, crude protein, lysine and DL methionine with enzyme mixtures at 0.05 and 0.1% respectively. The villi height (μ) and villi width (μ) significantly (P<0.01) increased in enzyme treated groups (T2, T3, T4, T5&T7 and T2, T3, T4, T5, T6&T7 respectively) compared to that of control group. The number of crypts and goblet cells were decreased due to enzyme supplementation in T4, T5 and T7. The crypt height, crypt width and goblet cell height (μ) were significantly (P<0.01) reduced in all enzyme added groups than the control group. Similarly, the goblet cell width was reduced in T2, T4 and T5. No significant difference was noticed in intestinal weight (g/kg body wt.) and length (cm/kg body wt.) among the treatment groups.

Keywords

Enzyme, Phytase, Villi, Crypt, Goblet Cell, Intestine

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A. Kokila Priya ¹, M. Balagangatharathilagar ¹, D. Chandrasekaran ², M. Parthiban ³, S. Prathaban ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE.
Materials and Methods: The canine HGE activity index, with little modification, was adopted to identify Grade III/ severely affected puppies below 6 months of age. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to screen and compare the enteropathogens in puppies with hemorrhagic diarrhea and healthy control.
Results: Canine parvovirus 2b was identified in 90.3% of the diarrheic and 10% of the non-diarrheic healthy puppies. Clostridium difficile was identified in all the diarrheic puppies and in 80% of the healthy puppies. Among the diarrheic puppies, 17.7% were positive for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, 9.7% were positive for C. perfringens alpha toxin, 6.4% were positive for Escherichia coli shiga toxin, 6.4% were positive for E. coli enterotoxin (LT), and 3.2% were positive for canine distemper virus. Whereas, none of the healthy puppies were positive for these bacteria and toxins. Fecal antibiotic sensitivity test pattern revealed gentamicin to be sensitive in 95% of the cases, azithromycin in 50%, enrofloxacin in 25%, cefotaxime in 20%, and tetracycline in 5% of the cases.
Conclusion: Parvoviral enteritis is predominant among puppies. Yet, bacteria and their toxins also play an important role in HGE. Gentamicin has higher sensitivity against the enteropathogens associated with the condition.

Keywords

Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis Activity Index, Enteropathogens, Fecal Antibiotic Sensitivity Test, Fecal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay, Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis.

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