Informatics Publishing Limited

A. V. K. Shanthi ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, G. Mohan Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Sathyabama University, Chennai, IN
2 Park Engineering College, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Software testing is an important phase that ensures the quality of the software. Where test cases are an important entity or criteria by which software is being evaluated. A test case is being generated by various approaches but by means of Modeling Languages attracts the recent researches and industrialists. This paper focus on test case generation by means of UML Class diagram. Novel method is proposed to form tree structure among class in design based on their relationships. From formed tree Genetic Two point Cross over is applied to obtain all possible new trees. Depth First Searching (DFS) algorithm is used to generate test cases from the binary tree formed. Problems in usage of certain techniques are identified. A case study that is going to uses a simple, but extensively studied program is used to illustrate our approach.

Keywords

Software Testing, Test Cases, UML (Unified Modeling Language), Genetic Crossover Operator, DFS (Depth First Search) and Class Diagram.

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D. Parthiban ¹, K. Kumaresn ¹, N. Arun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

Teratogenicity is the ability to cause developmental abnormaltiies in foetus. Substances with teratogenicity effects can damage the DNA of a developing foetus. They may cause abnormal development of a limb malformation of an organ and the effects for the developing foetus can vary depending on the teratogen. Chicken eggs are used as a model system to test teratogenic effect of drug. The present study carried out, Bhavana panjankula thailam is one of the Siddha drug indicated for karuppachudu (a type of pitha disorder affecting uterus), urinary tract infections, dry skin and constipation. In this study five concentrations of drug Bhavana panjankula thailam were injected into the chicken embryos. The castor oil, Ricin also injected to chick embryos at same concentrations. Lithium is used as a positive control in the same concentrations which affects limb deformities of the organ. 1:1 ratio of lithium and drug were injected into the embryo for scrutinize the effect of drug. At the 12^th day of incubation the eggs were dissected out and detect the malformation in the embryo. The results suggested that the lowest concentrations of drug treated embryo have no malformation and highest concentrations of drug treated embryo have malformed like heart and other organs are distorted. The DNA was isolated from embryos of chick and run in agarose gel electrophoresis to confirm the DNA damage.

Keywords

Teratogenicity, Bhavana Panjankula Thailam, Castor Oil, and Ricin, Chick Embryo, DNA Damage.

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P. Soniya ¹, K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

The present study revealed the toxic effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Artemia salina and evaluated the mortality rate, morphological variations, Swimming speed velocity and chemical analysis in Artemia salina cysts. The ZnO NPs was synthesised by thermochemical method and it was characterized by using UV spectrum, XRD and FT-IR. Nanoparticles were spherical in nature and with size range of 30-40 nm. Artemia cysts were purchased from store, processed, and hatched in salt water. Artemia salina was treated using ZnO nanoparticles of various concentrations (mg/ml) and LC50 value (0.4 mg/ml) and mortality rate (24 and 48 hours) was evaluated. Aggregation of ZnO NPs in the gut region of salina was studied using phase contrast microscope. Behavioural responses (swimming speed velocity) in A. salina exposed to ZnO NPs for 48 hr were evaluated. This study showed that as the concentration of ZnO NPs increased, the mortality rate and aggregation of NPs in gut region were increased in salina, whereas the swimming speed velocity in A. salina decreased. Thus this study revealed that the low concentrations of ZnO NPs have no toxic effect on Artemia salina.

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles and Artemia salina.

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B. Bhuvaneshwari ¹, G. Sivaelango ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

In acid- base titrations, indicator are used to show a sharp color changes at end point which are mostly organic dyes. Due to environmental pollution, availability and cost, the search for natural acid-base indicator was started. In the present study the extract of Beta vulgaris was used to replace the synthetic indicators due to the disadvantage of less availability and high cost of synthetic dye. Extract of Beta vulgaris gives sharp and intense color changes as compared to synthetic indicator. The extracts were evaluated by using strong acid-strong base, strong acid-weak base, weak acid-strong base and weak acid -weak base. In all these titrations the extract was found to be very useful and accurate for indicating the neutralization point. Methanolic extract of Beta vulgaris was found to be a very useful, economical, simple and accurate for titration. The proposed herbal indicators can be used as a substitute to synthetic indicators.

Keywords

Acid, Base, Beta vulgaris, Biological Indicator.

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K. Kumaresn ¹, D. Parthiban ¹, V. Sivanarayan ¹, N. Arun ¹, P. Kumaravel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vysya College, Salem-103, IN

Abstract

We evaluated the stability of CuO NPs, and the toxic effects of their suspensions to Artemia salina (A. salina) larvae to elucidate the chemical and toxicological impact to marine micro-organisms. The results pointed to the fact that suspensions of CuO NPs were not acutely toxic to Artemia at environmentally feasible levels. However, prolonged exposure to the same suspensions induced significant toxicity. The results revealed that CuO NPs aggregate in seawater to micrometer particles. This process would ultimately reduce the toxic properties of the NPs. Nevertheless, CuO NPs showed differences in toxic effects depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. In future studies more attention should be given to the formulations of CuO NPs to better understand their toxicological properties since both surface properties and ion release kinetics change with underlying manufacturing processes. The exposure of these A. salina larvae to the selected MO-NPs did not induce significant mortality, although the NPs accumulated in the gut. However, behavioral and chemical analysis occurred after the exposure. The swimming speed alterations represent valid endpoints for CuO NP exposure.

Keywords

CuO Nanoparticle, Artemia salina, Enzymes, Mortality, FTIR.

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