Informatics Publishing Limited

E. Rajesh ¹, B. Pilo ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The present investigation has been taken up to determine the toxic effects of combination insecticide (Profenofos 40% + Cypermethrin 4% EC) on nervous system of rats. A single oral dose of test substance was administered to five rats per sex at a concentration of 25, 75 and 225mg/kg body weight to experimental animals. The animals were observed under carefully standardized conditions with sufficient frequency to ensure the detection and quantification of behavioral and/ or neurologic abnormalities. In addition, serum cholinesterase was estimated after 24 hours of dosing. Motor activity of individual animal was measured using an automated device. Perfused (in-situ) nervous tissues were examined microscopically. The test article at the dose level of 75 and 225 mg/kg induced treatment related and dose dependent neurobehavioural alterations in rats of either sex. However, observed alterations were reversible, further no structural/ histopathological alterations were apparent. Single dose of test article at 25 mg/kg did not reveal any toxic signs or neurobehavioral alterations hence, it is considered to be the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL).

Keywords

Cypermethrin, Profenofos, FOB, Neurotoxicity, Neurobehaviour, Motor activity

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Gulshan Ryhanath ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², N. Anitha ³, E. Rajesh ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
2 Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
3 Reader, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of disorders in which the body attacks the healthy tissue, causing blistering lesions primarily affecting the skin and mucous and membranes. The symptoms and severity of blistering diseases vary from one person to another, even among individuals with the same disorder. In some cases, blistering lesions can involve a significant portion of the skin. Although, there is no cure for autoimmune blistering diseases, they can often be controlled with treatment. In other cases, autoimmune blistering diseases if left untreated can eventually cause life-threatening complications.

Keywords

Blisters, Lesions, Diagnosis, Treatment.

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L. Malathi ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, R. Hariharan ³

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Neuralgia is the disorder produced by change in neurological structure or function. These neuralgias produces symptoms which affect the physical as well as mental health of the patient. There are several neuralgias that occur in maxillofacial regions, they are trigeminal neurlagia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, nervous intermedius neuralgia and occipital neuralgia. Out of all these, trigeminal neuralgia is the most common cause for occurrence of or facial pain. Neuralgic pain is characterized by mostly unilateral, superficial, short, shock like pain with recurrence attacks. They also have trigger points which can arise pain on appropriate stimuli. The aim of this article is to discuss various types of neuralgias and their recent advancements in treatment.

Keywords

Neuralgia, Pain, Aneurysm.

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E. Rajesh ¹, N. Anitha ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ², Hariharan ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Palliative care is the care given to terminally ill patients to improve the quality of life. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with higher annual incidence. These oral cancer patients are not only compromised on general health but also on oral health, alleviation of pain, reducing the suffering, providing relief, treatment of any other complication which occur during treatment or post treatment are taken care in palliative care. The major concerns in these patients include mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, pain, dysphagia, dyspnoea, depression, anxiety and nutritional deficiencies.

Keywords

Oral Cancer, Pain, Dysphagia, Dyspnoea.

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S. Satheesh Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ², L. Malathi ², N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Ariyur, Puduchery, IN
2 Reader, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Dept, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Xerostomia is the subjective feeling of dryness of mouth which is often associated with hypofunction of the salivary gland. Xerostomia can also have a major impact on a patient’s oral health and quality of life. Patients with xerostomia complaints of problems with mastication, phonetics, deglutition and wearing dentures. Treatment of this condition always depends on the cause. Oral physicians should be able to diagnose this condition and able to give proper treatment to provide comfort to their patients. This article reviews the causes of xerostomia and its management.

Keywords

Drymouth, Saliva, Salivary Flow, Xerostomia.

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G. Nishanth ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Child abuse is characterized as those demonstrations or oversights of consideration that deny a kid from the chance to completely build up his or her one of a kind possibilities as an individual either physically, socially or emotionally. The overall incidence of child abuse is not so clear. Measurable information don’t demonstrate the genuine rate due to the unreported cases. Physicians has minimal training in oral health, dental injury and disease and thus may not detect dental aspects of abuse or neglect as readily as they do child abuse and neglect involving other areas of the body. Therefore, physicians and dentists should collaborate to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. Dentists with expertise in child abuse will strengthen their ability to prevent and detect child abuse and neglect and enhance the ability to care for and protect children.

Keywords

Child Abuse, Injuries, Dentist, Neglect.

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E. Rajesh ¹, P. Sangeetha Priya ², N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

These days, consuming alcohol is a common feature among all regional population irrespective of age and gender. However, the drinking alcohol is associated with a risk of adverse health and social effects, consumption of alcohol inevitably affects the oral cavity, oral mucosa and teeth. Literature indicates that alcohol dependents may have increased risk of dental caries, probing pocket depth and mucosal lesions related to its intoxicating, toxic and dependence-producing properties. Hence, a short review has been attempted to evaluate the effect of alcohol on oral health.

Keywords

Alcohol, Diseases, Periodontitis.

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E. P. Sridevi Anjuga ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ², E. Rajesh ³, K. M. K. Masthan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research
2 Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
3 Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
4 Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Dentist experience a range of physical, economic and emotional stress – related issues. Dentists must apply techniques that assist them de-stress by decreasing the amount of stressors and improving the ability to deal with stress. Narratives such as stress resistance, time management advantages, and the selection of realistic objectives are encouraged. This is used to reduce stress to manageable concentration. It can be daunting as with any shift from being an the work place. This applies particularly to medical professionals, since they are accountable for their patients well being. The consequences of stress management inclusion into dental education, offer additional practical suggestions for stress reduction and alleviation. This article gives an overview of such techniques and encourage dentist’s general wellness by highlighting the significance of well- balanced living.

Keywords

Dentist, Stress, Techniques, Financial Issues.

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A. Jebilla Pringle ¹, S. Satheesh Babu ², E. Rajesh ³, N. Anitha ³, N. Aravindha Babu ³, K. M. K. Masthan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulasekaram, Kanyakumari District, IN
2 Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Ariyur, Puduchery, IN
3 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the ischolar_main proximity of maxillary and mandibular inter radicular sites using orthopantomogram (OPG) and cone beam computed tomograph (CBCT) for the primary stability of mini implants. The cone beam computed tomographic images and orthopantomographic images of 70 subjects were taken. The interdental sites from distal of canine to mesial of second molar are examined for ischolar_main proximity. The ischolar_main proximity was measured at four levels from cementoenamel junction in 70 CBCT and OPG images. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the values obtained from CBCT and OPG images; the ischolar_main proximity was least 6mm above the cementoenamel junction in maxilla and mandible in the range of 1.09-3.62mm, 1.45-4.17 mm respectively. The study concluded that CBCT images are more accurate and reliable. At 5mm from CEJ in the region between the first molar and second premolar in maxilla and in the area between first molar to first premolar in mandible the ischolar_main proximity is least and adequate for mini implant placement.

Keywords

Orthopantomogram, CBCT, Implants.

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N. Anitha ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, L. Malathi ¹, E. Rajesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental college and hospital, BIHER, IN

Abstract

Pigmentation of oral mucosa occurs due to accumulation of pigments and thereby leading to colour change. Pigmented lesions of oral cavity can be physiologic or pathologic. The pigments causing discolouration can be either from external sources (exogenous) or internal sources(endogenous). Certain drugs can also cause pigmentation of the oral mucosa. Benign and malignant tumours of melanocytic origin can also be pigmented in nature. Endocrine diseases (adrenal) can also cause pigmentation. Diagnosing pigmented lesions requires thorough knowledge of various causes and proper diagnosis is important for planning the treatment.

Keywords

Pigmentation, Pigments, Melanocytes.

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G. Nishanth ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education (BIHER) Chennai, IN

Abstract

The terms oral lichenoid reactions or oral lichenoid lesions refer to histologically and clinically similar to oral lichen planus. These lesions are described according to the causative factor involved, including direct contact with dental restoration materials, drug-related lesions, and lesions associated to graft-versus-host disease. Drug-induced oral lichenoid reactions were first cited in 1971 by Almeyda and Levantine. Since then, many drug substances have been associated with such lesions. The most common agents are NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors.

Keywords

Lichen Planus, Lichenoid Reaction, Dental Materials, NSAIDs.

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Ryhanath Gulshan ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ¹, K. M. K. Masthan ¹

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, IN

Abstract

It is a well-known fact that many systemic diseases are manifested in the oral cavity. The ideal management for treating such manifestations is treating the primary cause first and then providing local therapy if needed. 1Systemic disease which a dentist can encounter in his practice is chronic renal failure (CRF) or end stage renal disease (ESRD).Renal failure is an uncommon condition when compared with ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer and, therefore, may appear to be a relatively minorpublic health problem.

Keywords

Renalfailure, Dialysis, Oral Health.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ², N. Anitha ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Palatal swellings can at times be a challenging task for a clinician to diagnose. A mass or swelling of the palate can result from developmental, inflammatory, reactive or a neoplastic process. In differential diagnosis, swellings of origin must be considered for diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews various non-neoplastic palatal swellings.

Keywords

Palatal Swelling, Palate, Begin, Non-Neoplastic.

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P. Sangeetha Priya ¹, N. Aravindha Babu ¹, E. Rajesh ¹, L. Malathy ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

TMJ is a unique joint in which translatory as well as rotational movements are possible and where both the ends of bone articulate, in the same plane, with that of other bone. It is a hinge that connect the jaw to the temporal bones of the skull,which are in front of each ear. Temperomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases and disorders are refered to a complex and less understood set of conditions,and disorders of TMJ are manifested by pain in the area of the jaw and associated muscles, and limitations in the ability to make the normal movements of speech, facial expression, eating, chewing, and swallowing. Among the various disorders of TMJ this article is focused on a brief review on TMJ Arthritis.

Keywords

TMJ, Arthritis, Disorder, TMJ Pain.

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E. Vinesh ¹, S. Janani ², M. Sathish Kumar ³, N. Aravindha Babu ⁴, E. Rajesh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Reader, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Senior Lecturer, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor and Head of the Dept, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education (BIHER), Chennai, IN
5 Reader, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharat Institute of Higher Education (BIHER), Chennai, IN

Abstract

Hidradenoma refers to a benign adnexal tumor of apical sweat gland. It is often cutaneous, benign tumor of sweat glands. Other names of it are nodular hidradenoma, eccrine acrospiroma, and solid cystic hidradenoma. Lesions are commonly seen on the head, face, extremities and are rarely seen in oral cavity. Clinical appearance of hidradenoma is not specific, but can be diagnosed histopathologically, after complete removal of the lesion. Histopathologically, it has a striking resemblance to salivary gland pathology. A 75 Year old male patient reported with an extra oral swelling near the lip region. Clinical diagnosis was found to be different when compared to the histopathological diagnosis. Management includes wide local excision.

Keywords

Hidradenoma, Hemangioma, Papilloma, Myoepithelial Cells.

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