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Sivakumar, G.

• Characterization and Evaluation of Two Indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner

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Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, K. Veenakumari ¹, Pritam Karmakar ¹, K. Ashwitha ¹, G. Sivakumar ¹, Satendar Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 286-293

Abstract

Two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from dead lepidopteran larvae from a tea garden in Jorhat, Assam and one isolated from soil sample from Rajasthan, obtained in a nationwide screening program showed bipyramidal crystal morphology. These two isolates named as NBAII-BTAS and NBAII-BTG4 were characterized by their high level of toxicity against diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella). The PCR amplification of these two isolates revealed the expected size of the PCR product for cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1G, cry1I, and cry2 of 390 bps, 1111bps, 238 bps, 540 bps, 300 bps, 468 bps, and 1170 bps respectively. Purified cry proteins from each of these two cultures were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis, where, two distinct bands of 130–140 Kda and 65 Kda corresponding to cry1 and cry2 proteins were observed. Toxicity studies was carried out using trypsin activated purified proteins against Helicoverpa armigera, where NBAII-BTG4 derived crystal proteins displayed more toxicity (0.93µg\ml) than NBAII-BTAS.

Keywords

Cry Genes, PCR, Specific Cry Primers, Bipyramidal, Toxicity.

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References

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• Screening and Identification of Potential Bacillus Spp. for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Brinjal

Abstract Views :277  |  PDF Views:127

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, S. Sriram ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 229-235

Abstract

Among 100 isolates of Bacillus spp. screened in vitro against Ralstonia solanacearum that causes bacterial wilt of brinjal, ten were found inhibitory to R. solanacearum. Bacillus megaterium isolate NBAII 63 was highly inhibitory with 29.20 mm of inhibition zone against R. solanacearum as compared to the other nine strains of Bacillus. Six of them were identified by 16S rDNA analysis. The bioefficacy of talc formulation of B. megaterium was evaluated under greenhouse for plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial wilt in brinjal. The bacterial wilt was effectively managed by B. megaterium through different methods of applications. A combination of four methods (seed treatment + soil application + seedling ischolar_main dip + foliar spray) was the most effective. Maximum ischolar_main length (23.42 cm), shoot length (65.21 cm), fresh weight (40.39 g), dry weight (10.33 g) and highest wilt reduction (50.54%) was recorded in the combination method. Among single application methods, seed treatment was effective exhibiting 41% reduction of bacterial wilt followed by soil application which gave 36% wilt reduction. The bacterial wilt reduction in chemical control (streptomycin sulphate) was 71%. Good growth of the brinjal plants was recorded due to application of B. megaterium. Highest rhizosphere population of 67.0 × 10⁶ cfu/g was recorded in brinjal at 40 days after transplanting when the antagonist was applied by combining the different application methods.

Keywords

Bacillus Spp, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bioefficacy, Talc Formulation, Brinjal.

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• Induced Defense Response in Brinjal Plants By Bacillus megaterium NBAII 63 Against Bacterial Wilt Pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum

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Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 217–220

Abstract

Bacillus megaterium strain NBAII 63 was identified as a potential bacterial antagonist against brinjal bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum. It was tested for its ability to induce defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and total phenols against R. solanacearum in brinjal plants. Brinjal plants treated with B. megaterium challenge inoculated with R. solanacearum showed higher levels of defense related enzymes and phenols compared to antagonist alone, pathogen alone and untreated plants. B. megaterium strain NBAII 63 showed the higher activities of total phenols (173 μg g-1 of tissue compared to control 121), PO (2.75 change in OD min-1g-1 of tissue compared to control 0.75) and PPO activity (0.91 change in OD min-1g-1 compared to control 0.13) in brinjal plants treated with R. solanacearum. The present study clearly indicated that B. megaterium strain NBAII 63 has the ability to induce the defense related enzymes in the brinjal plants against R. solanacearum.

Keywords

Induced Defense, Brinjal, Bacillus megaterium, Bacterial Wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum.

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• Bioefficacy of Peat Formulation of Bacterial Antagonists on Growth Promotion and Disease Suppression in Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)

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Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, A. Joseph Rajkumar ², R. Rangeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Cardamom Research Station, Pampadumpara 685 566, Idukki, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 255–259

Abstract

Among the 90 rhizobacterial isolates screened against capsule rot pathogen of cardamom Phytophthora meadii Mc Rae two bacterial strains viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf 51 and Bacillus subtilis Bs were found highly inhibitory. Strain Pf 51 exhibited highest inhibition (40.2%) against P. meadii. Similarly B.subtilis strain Bs also exhibited highest inhibition (39.7%) against P. meadii. P. fluorescens strain Pf51 was found compatible with strain B. subtilis Bs. Application of antagonists both Pf 51 and Bs in combination with rhizome bacterization and soil application resulted in 60% reduction of capsule infection over control as compared to single methods such as rhizome bacterization (53%) and soil application (46%). Application of copper oxy chloride resulted in 73% reduction of capsule infection. Maximum height (169.7cm) and number of tillers (36.3) were recorded due to the application of mixture of both the strains through rhizome bacterization and soil application.

Keywords

Cardamom, Capsule Rot, Bacterial Antagonists, Peat Formulation.

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• Screening and in Vitro Evaluation of Native Pseudomonas Spp., against Nematode Pathogens and Soil Borne Fungal Pathogens

Abstract Views :274  |  PDF Views:150

Authors

Rajkumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ², G. Sivakumar ², M. Nagesh ²

Affiliations
1 Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod 671 124, Kerala, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII), Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 305–311

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of native Pseudomonas spp., against ischolar_main-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and other soil borne fungal pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and Sclerotium rolfsii. The eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to each isolates of Pseudomonas spp., by diluting the standard culture filtrate to fifty percent and to undiluted culture filtrate (100%). Four isolates of Pseudomonas spp. (CRS3, CRS6, and CRS8 and CRS10) significantly induced inhibition of egg hatching and mortality of M. incognita juveniles. The per cent mortality was proportional to the concentration of culture filtrate and the duration of exposure period. The highest percentage of inhibition of egg hatching was recorded for CRS3 while mortality of second stage juveniles was found in the case of CRS10 in undiluted culture filtrate. The CRS6 caused 48% inhibition of Sclerotium rolfsii while CRS8 caused 58% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Since meloidogyne infection can predispose plants to plant pathogens, these isolates show promise for management of nematode and disease complex of vegetable crops.

Keywords

Culture Filtrate, Egg Hatching, Meloidogyne Incognita, Pseudomonas Spp., Root-knot Nematode and Soil Borne Fungi.

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• Characterization of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Pseudomonas Spp. Occurring in Indian Soils

Abstract Views :373  |  PDF Views:126

Authors

K. Ashwitha ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, N. V. Vajid ², G. Sivakumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Rajalaksmi ³, H. Manjunath ⁴

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Biology, University of Hail, Jeddah, SA
3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, UAS Bangalore 560 065, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 319–328

Abstract

Abiotic stress tolerance of 230 Pseudomonas spp. Occurring in Indian soils was evaluated for tolerance to temperature, salinity and moisture stresses. Forty seven Pseudomonas spp. Were characterized as abiotic stress tolerant and were identified as P. aeruginosa (24), P. putida (14), P. plecoglossicida (4), P. mosselli (1), Pseudomonas sp. (1) and P. fluorescens (3). The temperature and salinity tolerance of these bacteria was 45°C and 1 M NaCl respectively. Most isolates (44 out of 47) produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and 37 of them showed phosphatase activity. 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol (DAPG) gene was detected in 10 isolates and pyoluteorin gene was detected in 4 isolates. Under water stress, seed treatment with P. putida (NBAII-RPF9) and P. fluorescens (PFDWD) showed its potential as plant growth promoter. The studies also indicated that stress tolerant Pseudomonas spp. may be used as plant protection agents in abiotically stressed soils.

Keywords

Pseudomonas, Abiotic Stress, Tolerance, DAPG, Pyoluteorin.

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References

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• Metarhizium majus and Metarhizium robertsii Show Enhanced Activity against the Coleopteran Pests Holotricha serrata and Oryctes rhinoceros

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Authors

V. Velavan ¹, G. Sivakumar ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, R. Sundararaj ², T. O. Sasidharan ³

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insects Resources, Bangalore – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore – 560 003, Karnataka, IN
3 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore – 560064, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 135-145

Abstract

Studies were conducted to systematically isolate Metarhizium isolates from the insect cadavers and soils of South India. Morphological and PCR amplified sequences of 5.8S ITS regions and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) gene regions were used to identify the isolates at species level. Eight Metarhizium isolates were isolated and initially identified by morphological and microscopic studies. Further identification was confirmed through 5.8SrRNA ITS and RPB1 analysis. They were identified as three isolates of M. robertsii J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber sp. nov. (ArMz3R, ArMz3S and ArMz6W), one isolate of M. majus (J.R. Johnst.) J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber (VjMz1W) and four isolates of M. anisopliae (WnMz1S, NlMz2S, BgMz2S and DhMz4R). Topical conidial suspensions (TCS) and powder based formulations (PBF) of the eight indigenous isolates of Metarhizium spp. that were isolated from insect cadavers and soils of South India were tested against coleopteran pests Holotricha serrata L. and Oryctes rhinoceros L. that cause serious damage to sugarcane and palm trees respectively. Against H. serrata TCS of M. robertsii (ArMz6W) was the most effective with an LC₅₀ of 6.893×10⁵ cfu/ml and caused 100% mortality against the 3^rd instar larvae in 5 days; PBF elicited an LC₅₀ of 7.502×10⁵ cfu/ml with 96% mortality in 10 days. Against O. rhinoceros TCS (LC₅₀ of 9.75×10⁵ cfu/ml) of M. majus (VjMz1W) caused 90% mortality in 7 days and the PBF (LC₅₀ of 9.57×10⁵ cfu/ml) caused 86% mortality in 14 days. The results establish that M. robertsii is highly effective against H. serrata and against O. rhinoceros, M. majus was the most effective. The TCS formulations of these two strains can be readily deployed for field applications.

Keywords

Holotricha serrata, Metarhizium spp., Oryctes rhinoceros, Powder Based Formulation (PBF), Topical Conidial Suspension (TCS).

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• Diversity of cry Genes Occurring in the North East

Abstract Views :282  |  PDF Views:120

Authors

R. Rangeshwaran ¹, V. Velavan ², Satendra Kumar ², V. Apoorva ², K. M. Venugopala ², A. N. Shylesha ², G. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogaimalai Rd, Podavur, Thiruchirapalli – 620102, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 242-252

Abstract

The search for new Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains is a continuous process and researchers are now focusing on finding toxin proteins that are toxic to pests of insect orders that are not reported. In the present study soil and insect cadaver samples were collected from North East India comprising the states of Assam, Tripura and Mehhalaya and native Bt were isolated using standard protocols. At total of 30 Bt isolates were purified and characterized. Various types of crystal morphology were encountered that included bipyramidal, cuboidal, square, rhomboid, spherical and irregular. PCR analysis showed that diverse cry genes were expressed. The cry genes identified were Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera specific. Detected genes included cry1Ac, cry2A, cry4A, cry10A, cry16A, cry17A, cry19A, cry30Aa, cry44Aa, cry11A, cry4B, cry12A, cry8A and cry7A. Many of them were positive for Vip3A protein. The coleopteran specific Bt were evaluated against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis and NBAIR-AgBt6 was found to be toxic. The isolates are being further evaluated for use as biopesticides.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, Bioassay, Cry Genes, Diversity, North East.

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• Baculoviruses:Lethal Pathogens of Lepidopteran Caterpillars

Abstract Views :286  |  PDF Views:205

Authors

Sanjay M. Bandi ¹, G. Sivakumar ², B. Kiran Gandhi ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur – 208024, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 4 (2019), Pagination: 307-320

Abstract

Baculoviruses, a diverse group of arthropod-specific viruses, have long been employed for the biological control of many economically significant insect pests on agricultural and forest crops all over the world. They are primarily pathogens of caterpillars and about 90 per cent are reported to cause diseases in members belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Baculoviruses have been attractive biological control agents because of their safety to vertebrates, other non-target fauna and high pathogenicity with host death being most likely outcome of an infection. They have an ability to persist outside the host insect by producing virions sequestered within the protein matrix and potential to trigger epizootics in insect population, thus being important factor in regulating the size of host insect population. Baculoviruses are relatively quick acting and lethal among the various insect pathogens infecting globally significant pest species. Considering the importance of baculoviruses in insect pest management, a review of the research work carried out is presented.

Keywords

Baculoviruses, Biological Control, Insect Pathogenic Viruses, Lepidopteran Pests.

Full Text

   

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• Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infecting Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in India

Abstract Views :234  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Kannan ², S. Ramesh Babu ³, M. Mohan ¹, M. Sampath Kumar ¹, P. Raveendran ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Agricultural Research Station, Borwat Farm, MPUAT, Banswara 327 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 119, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 860-864

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect pest of maize in India. Natural occurrence of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) infection on S. frugiperda larvae was recorded in 2018 during surveys conducted in maize fields in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka, and Coimbatore and Tirupattur districts of Tamil Nadu. A strain of S. frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrNPV NBAIR1) infecting S. frugiperda was isolated from the diseased larvae; morphological and biological characteristics were studied. Electron microscopic studies showed tetrahedral-shaped SpfrNPV occlusion bodies (OBs) of size 1.64 μm. Dose–mortality bioassays revealed that first, second and third instar larvae were equally susceptible (LC₅₀ 3.71–5.02 OBs/mm²) to SpfrNPV infection. A PCR technique for detection of viral DNA in S. frugiperda NPV was developed by employing the polyhedrin gene (polh)-specific primers. The amplicon of 618 bp was amplified, sequenced and NCBI GenBank accession number was obtained (MT422725). Blast analysis revealed that SpfrNPV conserved polh gene sequence matched 100% with the reference GenBank sequence (J04333) from the NCBI database which confirmed the identity of the SpfrNPV.

Keywords

Insect Pests, Maize, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera frugiperda.

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• Enhanced Insecticide-resistance Spectrum in Green Lacewing Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) And Its Potential Role In The Management Of Sucking Pests Of Cotton

Abstract Views :239  |  PDF Views:83

Authors

M. Ashwini ¹, M. Mohan ², G. Sivakumar ², T. Venkatesan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 423-428

Abstract

The green lacewing or aphid lion, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) is an important predator of sucking pests, and eggs and neonate larvae of lepiodopteran pests under many crop ecosystems of India. In the present study, enhanced insecticide resistance spectrum in an insecticide-resistant population of C. zastrowi sillemi (strain PTS-8) was evaluated against four commonly used insecticides on cotton. The insecticide resistant C. zastrowi sillemi PTS-8 showed 16.4-, 14.8-, 12.7- and 7.2-fold resistance against chlorpyriphos 20% EC, cypermethrin 10% EC, acetamipirid 20% SP and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC respectively, compared to the susceptible strain. Biochemical assays revealed an elevated level of three major detoxifying enzymes, viz. carboxylesterase (1.48-fold), glutathione S-transferase (1.27-fold) and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (1.36-fold) in PTS-8 strain compared to the susceptible strain. The field survival and biocontrol potential of PTS-8 strain were significantly better on cotton plants treated with recommended dose of insecticides. The study indicated the potential role of insecticide-resistant natural enemies under biointensive IPM programmes to avoid compatibility conflict with insecticides.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi, Cotton, Detoxifying Enzymes, Insecticide Resistance, Sucking Pests.

Full Text

   

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• Natural Occurrence of Entomopathogens on the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Frugiperda (j.e. Smith) in South India

Abstract Views :243  |  PDF Views:80

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, M. Kannan ², K. Elango ³, P. Ram Kumar ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, Mahesh S. Yandigeri ¹, O. Dhanyakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kodaikanal 624 103, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 619-621

Abstract

No Abstract.

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• Characterization of granulosis viruses of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur)

Abstract Views :188  |  PDF Views:78

Authors

M. Kannan ¹, N. Geetha ², K. Elango ³, M. Mohan ⁴, G. Sivakumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
2 ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641 007, IN
3 Imayam Institute of Agriculture and Technology, Tiruchirappalli 621 206, IN
4 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 570-573

Abstract

A study was undertaken to characterize the granulosis viruses (GVs) of early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snell.) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) and internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane. Scanning electron photomicrographs revealed ovo-cylindrical occlusion bodies (OBs) of GVs in early shoot and internode borers with an average size of 425.03 and 230.21 nm, 387.64 and 208.68 nm in length and breadth respectively. Transmission electron photomicrographs also showed ovo-cylindrical OBs embedded with a rod-shaped virion. The average length and breadth of the virion in the OB was 271.0 ´ 52.6 nm, 257.0 ´ 50.2 nm for early shoot and internode borer GVs respectively. Toxicity studies with the respective GVs revealed lethal concentration values of 4.38, 4.61, 6.89 OBs/mm2 and 1.85, 135.43, 8045.27 OBs/mm2 to second, third and fourth larval instars of Chilo infuscatellus granulosis virus (ChinGV) and Chilo sacchariphagus indicus granulosis virus (ChsaGV) respectively.

Keywords

Early shoot borer, granulosis viruses, internode borer, occlusion bodies, sugarcane, toxicity.

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• Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula

Abstract Views :199  |  PDF Views:86

Authors

G. Sivakumar ¹, M. Mohan ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Sanjay Yelshetti ¹, M. Kannan ², R. Anandham ³, M. S. Yandigeri ¹, Surabhi Kumari ¹, K. Elango ⁴, P. Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560 024, IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, IN
4 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode 638 315, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 8 (2022), Pagination: 958-964

Abstract

Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major sucking insect pest of cotton in India. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the recommended pesticide groups. Though there are multiple mechanisms and principles of insecticide resistance development in insects, the gut bacterial-mediated degradation of insecticides is relatively less explored. In the present study, the gut bacteria of field-collected, insecticide-resistant population of A. biguttula biguttula were compared with a laboratory-reared susceptible population. Among the five culturable gut bacteria from the imidacloprid-resistant population, only Enterococcus silesiacus CLHG1a exhibited growth in the agar medium amended with 50 and 100 ppm of imid­acloprid. The imidacloprid degrading capacity of E. silesiacus CLHG1a was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. E. silesiacus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CLHG2 showed higher esterolytic activity (0.348 and 0.309 mmoles/min/mg respectively). The esterase zymo­gram on native PAGE revealed a single major band. This study provides clear evidence that the bacterium E. silesiacus isolated from the gut of A. biguttula biguttula has the ability to degrade imidacloprid and may have played a role in the detoxification of pesticides.

Keywords

Cotton, detoxification, esterase activity, gut microflora, insecticide resistance, leafhopper.

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• Bio-efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in okra

Abstract Views :181  |  PDF Views:114

Authors

N. B. Patel ¹, B. L. Raghunandan ¹, N. M. Patel ¹, G. Sivakumar ²

Affiliations
1 AICRP on Biological Control of Crop Pests, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 35, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 196-204

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different biocontrol agents against shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella (Fabricius) infesting okra at Biological Control farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) during two successive years, kharif, 2018 and 2019. Among the different biocontrol agents evaluated, the plots sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre for three times at fortnightly interval witnessed lowest larval population (0.52 larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (7.00%-number basis, 8.09%-weight basis). The treatment comprising six releases of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha was found next effective treatment with lower larval population (0.67larva(e)/plant) and fruit damage (8.19%-number basis, 9.97%-weight basis). This bio-efficacy of egg parasitoid T. chilonis was statistically at par with the efficacy of treatments viz., Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) @ 5% and Beauveria bassiana@ 5 g/litre. The highest fruit yield was documented in the treatment B. thuringiensis @ 5 g/litre (111.02 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.79) followed by the treatments T. chilonis @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha (105.10 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.77) and NSKE @ 5% (104.64 q/ha, CB ratio 1:2.76). The significant findings of this study could be used to frame BIPM strategy for the management of shoot and fruit borer, E. vittella in okra.

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis, biocontrol agents, okra, shoot and fruit borer, Trichogrmma chilonis

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• Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanism in an insecticide-resistant population of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its parasitizing efficiency against invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Abstract Views :129  |  PDF Views:81

Authors

Priyanka Dupatne ¹, T. Venkatesan ², Omprakash Navik ³, M. Mohan ³, K. M. Venugopal ³, Basavaarya ³, V. Linga ³, Y. Lalitha ³, G. Sivakumar ³, M. Ashwini ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560 065, India, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560 024, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 115-122

Abstract

Trichogramma chilonis is an egg parasitoid of lepidopteran pests and widely used in biological control and integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. In this study, the cross-resistance in multiple insecticide-tolerant strain of T. chilonis was evaluated against chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, spinetoram 11.7% SC and thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda-cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC. Bioassay studies revealed the highest resistance level against chlorantraniliprole (8.83-fold resistance) over the susceptible population, followed by spinetoram (2.41-fold). Metabolic enzymes carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase showed major involvement in the resistant populations, with the highest activity obser­ved against chlorantraniliprole, followed by spinetoram. The resistant population at field recommended doses of chlorantraniliprole (400 ppm), parasitized 52.92% and 44.10% of Corcyra cephalonica and Spodoptera frugiperda eggs respectively, compared to 15.48% and 9.6% parasitism by the susceptible population. Integration and utilization of resistant strains of T. chilonis in IPM programmes can provide improved control of insect pests under insecticide-sprayed conditions and may reduce the insecticide load on crops

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• Biocontrol Potential and Molecular Characterization of Lipopeptides Producing Bacillus Subtilis Against Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

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Authors

S. RUQIYA ¹, H. C. GIRISHA ¹, C. MANJUNATHA ², R. RANGESHWARAN ², A. KANDAN ², G. SIVAKUMAR ², M. K. PRASANNA KUMAR ³, D. PRAMESH ⁴, K. T. SHIVAKUMARA ², H. S. VENU ², S. NANDITHA ², K. S. ANKITHA ¹, K. ADITYA ², N. AARTHI ², S. N. SUSHIL ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560 065, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru – 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru – 560065, Karnataka, IN
4 Rice Pathology Laboratory ARS, Gangavathi, UAS Raichur – 584104, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 36, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 215-221

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis  is  a Gram-positive and endospore producing bacterium. Limited studies have shown that lipopeptides produced by  B. subtilis  can be inhibitory to phytopathogens.   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum  is a plant pathogenic fungus  which causes  various diseases like cotton rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, crown rot and blossom blight in vegetable crops. The objective of the study was to isolate lipopeptides from  B. subtilis  and study their inhibitory potential against  S. sclerotiorum. So, the B. subtilis  isolates  were extracted from the collected soils of Western Ghats of India. They were initially characterized through morphological parameters followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene and confirmation through BLAST algorithm in NCBI database. The lipopeptides produced by these isolates were tested against  S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strains were effective against  S. sclerotiorum and exhibited 18.33 to 29.5 % inhibition under dual culture bio-assay. The antagonistic activity of lipopeptides extracted from  B. subtilis  strains showed 21.56 to 88.89 % inhibition of  S. sclerotiorum  in the lowest to highest concentration of lipopeptide tested and was found to be significantly higher than the control. The present study has shown that  B. subtilis  strains vary in the production of lipopeptides and some of them could produce lipopeptides that are highly inhibitory to S. sclerotiorum. B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 showed the highest inhibition for S. sclerotiorum. Lipopeptide based poison food technique and the dual culture bioassay results showed that B. subtilis  strain NBAIR BSWG1 has immense potential for use in the biological control of  S. sclerotiorum. Further studies are being carried out in formulating the lipopeptides for field application.

Keywords

Antimicrobial property, biopesticide, PCR, soft rot of vegetable, Western Ghats.

Full Text

   

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