Informatics Publishing Limited

Sanjoy Biswas ¹, Goutam Mandal ¹, Sanjay Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Tata Motors Ltd., Tata Technologies Ltd. ERC Design, ERC & Automaterial Building, Plant-III, Jamshedpur-831010, IN

Abstract

Engine is the heart of automobile. An Air Intake, Cooling and Exhaust system are the accessories of engine. Now, Performance and life of engine depends on performance of these Systems. An air intake System works like the breathing apparatus for engine. Hence, a well designed air intake system is essential for all type of vehicles. In current trend design, major obstacles are complexity of vehicle and time line. Space is the most expensive in today's complex type vehicle, specially in army application. How Air Intake system are developed (design and validation) in OEM for commercial vehicles are described in brief though a real case of an army vehicle. Objective of this paper is to set a methodology to develop well performing air intake system for heavy commercial vehicle under huge space and time line constraints through innovative design and packaging.

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Sanjoy Biswas ¹, Saswata Ranjan Das ¹, Goutam Mandal ¹, Sanjay Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Engineering Research Centre (ERC), Tata Motors Limited, Jamshedpur, IN

Abstract

In today s scenario, rear axle with differential lock arrangement is one of the key required parameter for military vehicles. As per the current central motor vehicles rules an all wheel drive army vehicle can be considered as an off-road vehicle if the vehicle at least has an arrangement of differential lock at its rear axle. This paper details the development of such rear axle with differential lock and validation of the design in-line with the durability test on heavy duty chassis dynamometer. A comparison of recommended design standards and test results is also presented.

Keywords

Differential Lock, Design Validation Plan, Tractive Force, Chassis Dynamometer, Central Motor Vehicles Rules.

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Goutam Mandal ¹, Anil Kumar ¹, Dinesh Chandra Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Mass Standards, National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

It is well known fact that out of seven SI base units, only "kilogram" is still an artifact. Since kilogram has no link with any Physical Constants, measurement of International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) is not possible and only considered equal to exactly "1 kg" immediately after cleaning and washing by the method used at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). Although a lot of R & D is going on throughout the world to link the kilogram to physical constant like Plank Constant, Avogadro Constant etc. The National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) is the custodian of National Prototype of the Kilogram (NPK) No. 57, which was provided by the BIPM in 1958 after its first calibration in 1955. The NPK has been recalibrated in 1985, 1992 & 2002 so for at the BIPM. Beside this, other derived parameters like Force and Hardness Standards, Pressure and Vacuum Standards, Fluid Flow Standards etc. are directly related to Mass Standards. Now-a-days Chemical Metrology also requires traceability of Mass Standards. Therefore, stability of the NPK is a very important issue and the instability factors should be taken into consideration for every measurement. From the previous data, the change in mass values are estimated 218 mg from 1955 to 1985 (7.3 mg/year), 36 mg from 1985 to 1992 (5.1 mg/year) and 24 mg from 1992 to 2002 (2.4 mg/year) between after cleaning and washing of previous calibration to before cleaning and washing of next calibration. Now, the recalibration period of NPK is maximum 10 years. In this paper, the BIPM method, NPL, UK formula and NMIJ, Japan formula are used to evaluate the change in mass values of NPK No. 57.

Keywords

Stability of NPK, BIPM Method, NPL, UK Formula and NMIJ, Japan Formula.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Harish Kumar ¹, V. N. Ojha ¹, Shakti Singh ², Girija Moona ¹, Satish ¹, P. K. Dubey ¹, H. K. Singh ¹, Goutam Mandal ¹, D. K. Aswal ¹

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110 012, IN
2 Amity University, Gurugram 122 413, IN

Abstract

Mass is the only base unit, which is represented as a primary standard in the form of artifact for more than 125 years. International prototype of kilogram (IPK) is kept at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Paris and serves as the international standard of kilogram. It is made of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and as a cylinder of 39 mm diameter and 39 mm height. Replicas of the IPK are made of the same material and used at BIPM as reference or working standards and national prototype of kilogram (NPK), kept at different National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). NPK-57, kept at CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, is sent periodically to BIPM for calibration.

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