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Dewangan, Hemlata
- Pancreatic Polypeptide:Biologically Active Neuropeptide and their Clinical Significance
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1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 211-218Abstract
Imbalances in normal regulation of food intake can cause obesity and related disorders. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) share considerable amino acid sequence homology act as a robust anorexigenic hormone effectively modulates food intake and energy homeostasis, thus potentially aiding anti-obesity therapeutics. They are found in widely disparate locations, including the pancreas (PP), the distal gut (PYY), and the central nervous system (NPY). Intra-gastric and intra-intestinal infusion of nutrients stimulate PP secretion from the gastrointestinal tract, in turn that causes vagal stimulation and exerts complex actions via the neuropeptide Y4 receptor (Family of G-protein coupled Receptors) in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, there by subsequently activating key hypothalamic nuclei and dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem to influence energy homeostasis and body composition. In this review our efforts have been devoted to summarize the detail about the pancreatic polypeptide their functions and mechanisms.Keywords
Pancreatic Polypeptide, Anorexigenic Hormone, Vagal Stimulation, Obesity.
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- Signal Transduction Mechanism:A Critical Review
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1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 223-229Abstract
Cellular signaling plays an important role in alteration of cellular physiology and initiation of pharmacological response. Cells usually communicate with each other through extracellular messenger molecules called ligand which can travel a short distance and stimulate cells with the release of second messenger molecule by a cell that is engaged in sending messages to the downward in same cell or to the other cells in the body. Cells can only respond to a particular extracellular message if they express receptors for that ligand specifically recognize and bind that messenger molecule and the interaction between the ligand and receptor induces a conformational change in the receptor that causes the signal to be relayed across the membrane to the receptor’s cytoplasmic domain. A signaling pathway is activated by a diffusible second messenger and another in which a signaling pathway is activated by recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane. Most signal transduction pathways involve a combination of these mechanisms. In this review we have tried to elaborate diagrammatically the details about the various pathways responsible for signaling for easy understanding for the future research.Keywords
Ligand, Receptors, Signaling, Second Messenger, Pharmacological Response.References
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