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Liu, Hongyan
- Water Consumption Among Productive Sectors and Virtual Water Trade Based on an Input-Output Approach:Beijing City as a Case Study
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Authors
Affiliations
1 North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou-450045, CN
2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing-100038, CN
1 North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou-450045, CN
2 State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing-100038, CN
Source
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Vol 9, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 924-933Abstract
Problems related to water resources have become an important bottleneck to the sustainable development of Beijing city in China. Based on input-output analysis, this paper establishes three kinds of mathematical models for evaluating water consumption in regional economics, namely, an analysis model of industry water consumption efficiency, a comprehensive evaluation model of industrial water characteristics, and an evaluation model of the regional virtual water trade. Taking Beijing city as an example, an empirical study is conducted using the models above. The results show a higher level of water consumption in agriculture, accommodation and catering tourism, the paper industry and other services than in other productive sectors. The amount of net virtual water reached 18.41×108 m3 in Beijing city in 2010, the largest amount of which was in agriculture at 17.79×108 m3, and the largest amount of net virtual water output in the service industry reached 11.62×108 m3. The results of this study will provide reference for the adjustment of regional industrial structure and the management policy of water resources.Keywords
Input-Output Approach, Characteristics of Water Consumption, Virtual Water Trade, Beijing City.Full Text
- A Damage Constitutive Model for The Intermittent Cracked Rock Mass Under the Planar Complicated Stress Condition
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:84
Authors
Hongyan Liu
1,
Fengjin Zhu
1
Affiliations
1 College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R., CN
1 College of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P.R., CN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 559-565Abstract
The calculation of rock mass damage induced by the intermittent crack is the premise for establishment of the rock mass damage constitutive model (DCM). However, there are two shortcomings in the previous calculation methods of the rock mass damage: (a) it only considers the crack geometry or strength parameters, and does not consider its deformation parameter such as normal and shear stiffness; and (b) the influence of loading condition of the rock mass is not considered. This study focuses on intermittent cracked rock mass under the planar complicated stress condition and calculates its damage tensor. The proposed calculation method of rock mass damage considers the crack parameter such as length, dip angle, internal friction angle, normal and shear stiffness (internal factor) as well as the loading condition (external factor). The corresponding DCM for the intermittent cracked rock mass is then set up. The calculation examples validate that the proposed model can reflect the influence of crack parameter and loading condition on the rock mass mechanical behaviour.Keywords
Damage, Intermittent Cracked Rock Mass, Planar Complicated Stress Condition, Stress Intensity Factor, Strain Energy Density Criterion.Full Text
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