Informatics Publishing Limited

P Arul Paul Sudhahar ¹, J. John ²

Affiliations
1 Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi–630 003, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli - 627007, IN

Abstract

Let M be a minimum connected edge monophonic set of G. A subset T ⊆ M is called a forcing subset for M if M is the unique minimum connected edge monophonic set containing T. A forcing subset for M of minimum cardinality is a minimum forcing subset of M. The forcing connected edge monophonic number of M, denoted by fm1c(M), is the cardinality of a minimum forcing subset of M. The forcing connected edge monophonic number of G, denoted by fm1c(G), is fm1c(G) = min{fm1c(M)}, where the minimum is taken over all minimum connected edge monophonic set M in G. It is shown that for every integers a and b with a < b, and 􀜾 − 2􀜽 − 2 > 0, there exists a connected graph G such that, fm1c(G) = a and m1c(G) = b , where m1c (G) is the connected edge monophonic number of a graph G.

Keywords

Monophonic Number, Connected Edge Monophonic Number, Forcing Edge Monophonic Number, Forcing Connected Edge Monophonic Number

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J. John ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Education and Communication, 173-A Khirki Village Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110017, IN

Abstract

The Bonded Labour System Abolition Act, 1976, sets the conceptual and administrative boundaries of bonded labour. The Paper looks into how these boundaries were defined, by examining the political economy of the international and the Indian definitions. The Indian definition of bonded labour is drawn from the international definitions of slavery and forced labour, as they evolved in the course of civil society and state interventions against these human rights abuses. While examining the international definitions, this Paper argues that the Atlantic slave trade, colonialism, and the Cold War were the three defining phases of history in the evolution of the concept. The ethical basis of the project against slavery and forced labour comes from the abolitionists. However, all abolitionists were not guided by ethical considerations alone; abolition served the political and economic compulsions of colonial and capitalistic exploitation. The Indian definition of bonded labour, a legislative expression of the constitutional provision against forced labour, was evolved during the Emergency years. Apoliticism and an overbearing administration left an indelible mark on the definition of bonded labour and the implementation procedures for its abolition. The characterisation of bonded labour as a feudal vestige further delimited the boundaries of bonded labour.

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J. John ¹, V. Thamarai ¹, M. M. Mehra ¹, Teena Choudhary ¹, M. S. Giridhar ¹, Ashwini Jambhalikar ¹, Gogulapati Supriya ¹, Gaurav Saxena ¹, K. V. Shila ¹, B. Ramesh ¹, T. K. Pratheek ¹, Deepak Kumar Sharma ¹, R. Islam ¹, P. Selvaraj ¹, A. Kalpana ¹, S. Ajith Kumar ¹, K. V. Sriram ¹, A. S. Laxmiprasad ¹

Affiliations
1 Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems, Indian Space Research Organisation, Peenya 1st Stage, 1st Cross, Bengaluru 560 058, IN

Abstract

Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity Studies (ILSA) is a science payload with the objective of studying seismic activities at the landing site of Vikram, the Lander of Chandrayaan-2. ILSA will be deployed to the lunar surface by a specially built mechanism. It is an indigenously developed instrument based on microelectro mechanical systems technology. High sensitivity silicon micro-machined accelerometer is the heart of the instrument that measures ground acceleration due to lunar quakes. The instrument has the capability of resolving acceleration better than 100 nano-g Hz^–1/2 up to a range of 0.5 g over bandwidth of 40 Hz. This paper presents the basic concepts in the design, realization, characterization and the performance test results of the space qualified strong motion seismic sensors.

Keywords

Lunar Quakes, MEMS, Seismometer, Strong Motion Sensors.

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B. Anitha ¹, Supriya Gogulapati ¹, Deepak Kumar Sharma ¹, J. John ¹, M. S. Giridhar ¹, Ashwini Jambhalikar ¹

Affiliations
1 MEMS Development Division, Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS), ISRO, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

The paper presents the simulation studies for the design of a miniaturized Quadrupole Mass Filter (QMF) based on silicon micromachining technology. Mass spectrometers operating in the range of 1 to 100 amu with the resolution of 1 amu are very useful for science payloads in space missions. The mass filtering action of ions in a filter of length 30 mm with electrodes of radius 250 μm is simulated by standard tools. The complete transmission of ions is examined for various Mathieu parameters which are used to define the operating potentials at the electrodes. The performance parameters namely resolution, mass range and the required design considerations such as initial ion velocity, DC and RF voltages and RF frequency are obtained through the model and the computational program using Mathematica. For the efficient ion transmission, an electrostatic slit with aperture of radius 70 μm is placed before the MEMS QMF. Further, the effects of quadrupole length, focusing voltage and the aperture size on the transmission probability of ions are analyzed.

Keywords

MEMS Technology, Quadrupole Mass Filter, Mathieu Equation, Resolution.

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J. John ¹, S. sujitha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli- 627007, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, IN

Abstract

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. A subset S ⊆ E is called an edge-to-vertex geodetic set of G if every vertex of G is either incident with an edge of S or lies on a geodesic joining a pair of edges of S. The minimum cardinality of an edge-to-vertex geodetic set of G is gev(G). Any edge-to-vertex geodetic set of cardinality gev(G) is called an edge-to-vertex geodetic basis of G. A connected edge-to-vertex geodetic set of a graph G is an edge-to-vertex geodetic set S such that the subgraph G[S] induced by S is connected. The minimum cardinality of a connected edge-to-vertex geodetic set of G is the connected edge-to-vertex geodetic number of G and is denoted by gcev(G). Some general properties satisfied by this concept are studied. The connected graphs G of size q with connected edge-to-vertex geodetic number 2 or q or q − 1 are characterized. It is shown that for any three positive integers q, a and b with 2 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ q, there exists a connected graph G of size q, gev(G) = a and gcev(G) = b.

Keywords

Geodesic, Edge-To-Vertex Godetic Number, Connected Edge-To-Vertex Geodetic Number.

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