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Prasad, Jhakeshwar
- Current Concepts in Clinical Based Management of Diabetic Foot Infections:A Review
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1 Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhansabha, Raipur -493111Dist- Raipur (C.G.), IN
1 Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhansabha, Raipur -493111Dist- Raipur (C.G.), IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 157-166Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are potentially mortifying complications in need of multidisciplinary endeavour. Imbalance of harmony in glucose homeostasis causes hyperglycemic status which in turn leads to activation of certain metabolic pathways subsequently that lead to development of vascular insufficiency, nerve damages headed by ulceration in lower extremity due to plantar pressures and foot deformity. The standard of care for DFUs consists of several conventional treatments such as, daily wound care dressings, off loading, infection control, glucose control and adequate Perfusion etc. Still the reported healing rate varied between 20.0% and 46.2%.So some newly invented therapies such as negative pressure therapy, topical therapies, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, growth factors, and other antibiotic therapies took upper hand over the conventionally used medications for the treatment of diabetic foot infections. These new therapies also bring about new opportunities for DFU patients. In this review our efforts have been devoted to summarize the various treatments available along with possible mechanism of action for the effective treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Keywords
Diabetic Foot Infections, Diagnosis, Becaplermin, PDGF, Antibiotic Therapy.
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- Pancreatic Polypeptide:Biologically Active Neuropeptide and their Clinical Significance
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Authors
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1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 211-218Abstract
Imbalances in normal regulation of food intake can cause obesity and related disorders. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) share considerable amino acid sequence homology act as a robust anorexigenic hormone effectively modulates food intake and energy homeostasis, thus potentially aiding anti-obesity therapeutics. They are found in widely disparate locations, including the pancreas (PP), the distal gut (PYY), and the central nervous system (NPY). Intra-gastric and intra-intestinal infusion of nutrients stimulate PP secretion from the gastrointestinal tract, in turn that causes vagal stimulation and exerts complex actions via the neuropeptide Y4 receptor (Family of G-protein coupled Receptors) in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, there by subsequently activating key hypothalamic nuclei and dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem to influence energy homeostasis and body composition. In this review our efforts have been devoted to summarize the detail about the pancreatic polypeptide their functions and mechanisms.Keywords
Pancreatic Polypeptide, Anorexigenic Hormone, Vagal Stimulation, Obesity.References
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- Signal Transduction Mechanism:A Critical Review
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1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN
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Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Vol 9, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 223-229Abstract
Cellular signaling plays an important role in alteration of cellular physiology and initiation of pharmacological response. Cells usually communicate with each other through extracellular messenger molecules called ligand which can travel a short distance and stimulate cells with the release of second messenger molecule by a cell that is engaged in sending messages to the downward in same cell or to the other cells in the body. Cells can only respond to a particular extracellular message if they express receptors for that ligand specifically recognize and bind that messenger molecule and the interaction between the ligand and receptor induces a conformational change in the receptor that causes the signal to be relayed across the membrane to the receptor’s cytoplasmic domain. A signaling pathway is activated by a diffusible second messenger and another in which a signaling pathway is activated by recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane. Most signal transduction pathways involve a combination of these mechanisms. In this review we have tried to elaborate diagrammatically the details about the various pathways responsible for signaling for easy understanding for the future research.Keywords
Ligand, Receptors, Signaling, Second Messenger, Pharmacological Response.References
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