Informatics Publishing Limited

G. Karthikeyan ¹, J. Jenifer ¹, K. Anitha ¹, Dharmistan K. Varugheese ², N. J. R. Muniraj ³

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, Karpagam Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of ECE, Karpagam Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Due to increasing number of wireless communications and devices, the limited radio spectrum is heavily congested. So, the spectrum crowding problem is occurred. To avoid the spectrum crowding problem, we have to utilize the limited radio spectrum in an efficient way. The cognitive radio is an attractive solution for the spectrum crowding problem. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is selected as a physical layer for transmission in cognitive radio. This paper proposes the cognitive radio technology for OFDM for efficient utilization of radio spectrum.

Keywords

Cognitive Radio, OFDM, Spectrum Sensing, Dynamic Spectrum Access, Spectrum Scarcity, Software Defined Radio.

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Jaya Krishna Sunkara ¹, L. Ramasubba Reddy ², L. Rajyalakshmi ², K. Anitha ², K. Santhipriya ², M. Prathapreddy ²

Affiliations
1 ECE Dept., PDCE, Sullurpet, IN
2 PDCE, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, IN

Abstract

We presented a new approach for detecting objects by combining top-down recognition with improved shape context features and bottom-up segmentation. There are two main steps in this method:hypothesis generation step and verification step. In hypothesis generation step we use top-down recognition with improved shape context features and in verification step we use bottom-up segmentation. Our improved shape context features are more robust to object deformation and background clutter. The shape context is used to generate a set of hypothesis of object location and figure ground mask, which have high recall and low precision rate. In the verification step, we first compute a set of feasible segmentation that are consistent with top-down object hypothesis, then we propose a false positive pruning procedure to prune out false positives. We found the fact that false positive regions typically do not align with any feasible imagesegmentation. From our experiment we show that this simple framework achieve both high recall and high precision with only a few positive training examples and this method can be generalized to many object classes.

Keywords

Shape Context, Hypothesis, False Positive Prunings.

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S. J. Wadher ¹, T. M. Kalyankar ¹, J. R. Kshirsagar ¹, K. Anitha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Vishnupuri, Nanded- 431606, (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A simple, accurate, precise, and specific UV-Vis spectrophotometric simultaneous equation method has been developed for simultaneous determination of famotidine and dicyclomine HCl in its combined tablet dosage form by using methanol as a solvent. The proposed simultaneous equation method involves measurements of wavelength selected at 292 nm for famotidine and 218 nm for dicyclomine HCl. The linearity was found to be in the range of 20-120 μg/ml and 50-100 μg/ml for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in this concentration range with correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 0.999 for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. The repeatability, Intra-day precision, Interday precision % RSD were found to be 0.140, 0.1305, 0.167 for famotidine and 0.180, 0.0321, 0.0472 for dicyclomine HCl respectively. Limit of detection and quantification was found to be 0.6944 μg/ml and 2.1044μg/ml for famotidine and 0.4446μg/ml for and 1.3474μg/ml for dicyclomine HCl respectively. Assay results for marketed formulation were found to be 98.91% and 101.83% for famotidine and dicyclomine HCl respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the estimation of famotidine and dicyclomine HCl in their combined dosage form.

Keywords

Famotidine, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride, Simultaneous Equation Method, UV Spectrophotometry and Forced Degradation Study.

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T. M. Kalyankar ¹, S. J. Wadher ¹, M. R. Bodhankar ¹, K. Anitha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Vishnupuri, Nanded-431606, (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Analytical method using Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy was developed and validated for estimation of cetirizine hydrochloride and phenylephrine hydrochloride in their pharmaceutical formulation. The solid-state samples were prepared by dilution in dry potassium bromide and were analyzed by FTIR Spectrophotometer. A linear relationship for the carbonyl peak area centered around 1741cm^-1 was observed in the range of 0.2-1.2% w/w with good correlation coefficient 0.997 for the cetirizine hydrochloride and for the hydroxyl peak area centered around 3419 cm^-1 was observed in the range of 0.4-2.4% w/w with good correlation coefficient 0.998 for phenylephrine hydrochloride. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.In addition to this the stability study is carried out by thermal exposure, photolytic exposure and sunlight exposure.

Keywords

Cetirizine Hydrochloride, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, FT-IR, Method Validation and ICH Guideline.

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