Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Vidhyalakshmi ¹, K. Lakshmi ¹, M.A. Gopalan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Shrimati Indira Gandhi College, Trichy–620002, IN

Abstract

We obtain infinitely many non-zero integer quadruples (x, y, z,w) satisfying the quintic equation with four unknowns. xy+6z² = (k² + 5)ⁿ w⁵. Various interesting relations between the solutions and special numbers, namely, polygonal numbers, pyramidal numbers, Jacobsthal numbers, Jacobsthal-Lucas number, keynea numbers, Four Dimensional Figurative numbers and Five Dimensional Figurative numbers are exhibited.

Keywords

Quintic Equation With Four Unknowns, Integral Solutions, 2- dimentional, 3-dimentional, 4-dimentional and 5-dimensional Figurative numbers.

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K. Lakshmi ¹, Bushra Begum ¹, Meraj Fatima ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Nutrition, Shadan Institute of Post Graduate Studies, Khairathabad, Hyderabad-500 004, IN

Abstract

Organic foods are defined as products produced by organic farming practices, grown without the use of chemicai fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides and are fertilized solely by using organic fertilizers such as animal waste, crop residues, green manures or off-farm organic wastes. Presently, organically grown foods are gaining popularity among consumers mainly because many consumers believe that organically grown foods are of better quality, healthier and more nutritious than the conventionally grown ones.

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K. Ravikumar ¹, K. Lakshmi ², M. Karthikeyan ³

Affiliations
1 Dept.of Computer of Computer Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, IN
2 Dept.of Computer Science, Tamil University, IN
3 Karpagam University, IN

Abstract

Tamil data, scripts, files needs to be preserved in computing. As there is a need for security in various computer networks fields, the paper mainly focus an algorithm in the field of secrecy , privacy, confidentiality of the documents in a computer system by the principle “ Cryptography “. Cryptography is defined as an art of security technique for computer networks. A computer user to preserve his documents, scripts needs to search for security oriented algorithms, packages, databases which arises an unfulfilled thirst. To quench the security thirst, a recent algorithm namely ‘Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)’ is framed as it is an approach to public-key cryptography based on some algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. The creator keeps the knowledge of security key mechanisms such as private key, public keys. The keys which are generated best choose random-numbers that uses products of two large prime numbers as the key. Any user to preserve his documents picks two large random primes as his private key, and publishes the product as his public key. The public key based algorithm ‘Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)’ is based on the creation of different keys that are difficult to solve without certain knowledge about how they were created. Elliptic curve cryptosystems is computationally efficient than the first generation public key systems such as RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms as the report says. As an added advantage the paper mainly focus on ECC based security algorithms for Tamil document privacy. The document related in Tamil words are analyzed commonly as a process which includes security mechanisms that emerges finally in the system as a preserved document.

Keywords

Elliptic Curve, Scripts, Co-Clustering, Algorithm, Security.

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K. Lakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 VIT Business School, VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper examines the cross sectional variation in the capital structure of 1314 Indian firms from the ownership structure perspective. Ownership structure is defined as promoters' shareholding and institutional investors' shareholding. The study finds a negative relationship between the ownership structure variables and capital structure. This could be because the average promoters' shareholding for the sample firms is 50 per cent. Hence, the concentration of promoters'shareholding increases the risk of the promoters and prompts them to reduce the risk of financial risk by employment of higher levels of debt Institutional investors' shareholding and debt employment are also inversely related. This may be because the institutional investors choose to avoid high debt firms as they have a higher probability of suffering from financial risk in the future.

Keywords

Ownership Structure, Capital Structure, Financial Risk, Agency Costs, Concentration of Promoters' Shareholding.

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K. Lakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Thiagarajar School of Management, Madurai, IN

Abstract

The Government of India is contemplating allowing the Institutional investors like Foreign Institutional Investors, Mutual funds and Banks to trade in a few selected products of commodity derivatives markets in India. This paper argues that if the institutional investors are allowed to operate in all the products of the commodity derivative markets, it has implications for both liquidity and broad basing of commodity derivatives markets given the assets under management of these investors. Their entry into commodity derivatives markets is also expected to benefit them given the portfolio diversification opportunities. This paper discusses some aspects of the gains that the commodity derivatives markets can derive if institutional investors are allowed to operate.

Keywords

Derivatives, Commodity Markets, Institutional Investors, Forward Markets, Futures.

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K. Lakshmi , R. Deepa , S. Gayathri

Abstract

A Proportional Integral derivative controller is a most commonly used feedback controller in industrial control system. Although a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is popular and relatively simple in structure, it must also be pointed out that the unnecessary mathematical rigorosity, preciseness and accuracy involved with the design of the controllers have been a major drawback. This drawback can be highly eliminated by designing systems with PD controller to improve the system performance. In this paper genetic algorithm technique is used to design the Proportional Derivative Fuzzy logic controller. A comparative study of PD, fuzzy based PD and optimized fuzzy logic PD controller is analyzed. Simulation result shows that the optimized proportional derivative fuzzy logic controller improves the system performance in terms of rise time and settling time, besides reducing overshoot and steady state error. This approach is first simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK using the techniques of PD- Fuzzy Logic controller. The output of the PD controller serves as an input to the DC motor [9][10]. The desired speed of the motor is then achieved by tuning the fuzzy controller with the help of genetic algorithm technique.

Keywords

Control, PD Control, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm, DC Motor.

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L. Jayanthi ¹, K. Lakshmi ¹, A. Kovalan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing Science and Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 613403, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Retrieving visually similar images from image database needs high speed and accuracy. Various text and content based image retrieval techniques are being investigated by the researchers in order to exactly match the image features. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed technique deals with Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system by applying various image feature detection and matching techniques to investigate the retrieving efficiency of the image. The newness in the proposed research is that it extracts image features like texture, color and shape by combining various angular rotation and image segmentation techniques. With the output of the rotation and segmentation algorithm, color histograms, straight line and outline features including vertical, angled and horizontal lines are extracted. Findings: The accuracy and performance related issues listed in the previous works are overcome while the database images grow. The results obtained by the proposed system obviously confirm that Partitioning and rotating of image objects helps in retrieving many numbers of similar images from the database. Conclusion/Improvements: The proposed CBIR method is compared with our previously existed methodologies and found better in the retrieval accuracy. The retrieval time and accuracy are comparatively good than previous works proposed in CBIR system.

Keywords

CBIR, Image Features, Outline Color Histogram, Rotation Mechanism, Segmentation, Straight Line

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A. Sampath Dakshina Murthy ¹, T. Pavani ², K. Lakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam - 530046, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of ECM, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam - 530046, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Several mathematical models are used for tracking reentry objects in case of radar and sonar. Bayes law evaluations by Unseen Markov Mannequin is one of these which can be used with compatible Kalman filters. To reduce linearization errors, in metaheurestic methods, a new algorithm is proposed by combination of stochastic and metheuristic techniques. For determination of estimation performance, Firefly Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter has been suggested. Convergence of such systems of firefly is quite high. These are compatible with nonlinear multimodal issues. Simulations studies have been done by MATLAB. The drag resistance is found to be related not only to speed but also to maximum cross sectional errors. The minimization of errors of altitude, velocity and ballistic coefficients are taken to be random. In comparison with Extended Kalman Filter and Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter, the results show 30 to 50 percent error reduction. Combinations of metaheurestic and stochastic methods have immense possibility of development of optimization in case of tracking of reentry objects.

Keywords

Ballistic Coefficient, Extended Kalman Filter, Firefly algorithm, Hybrid Extended Kalman Filter, Metaheurestic, Reentry objects.

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K. Lakshmi ¹, Sangeetha ¹

Affiliations
1 Menon National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

Self and well-being are two central and fundamental concepts discussed today m various disciplines. Every conception of human flourishing and 'good and 'well-being' must consider also the knowledge of self (Mangini, 2000). Enhancing one'strue self is the source of all strength and fearlessness and the true focus of one's freedom and dignity Well-being is understood as the intrinsic and essential nature of the self. ln Indian thought, self is viewed as a holistic, experiential subject (Paranjpe, 1996) progressing toward self-transcendence and exploring infinite possibilities of one's well-being. The discussion of self and well-being m the Mahabharata takes a deeply psychological context and the resolution of crises and conflicts is often self-trans formative. Krishna m the Bhagavad-Gita gives a discourse m response to Arjuna's query about who is a steady person (sthitaprajna). The discourse is on building psychological strength whose composites are steadfastness and fearlessness (Sw Ranganathananda, 2000, p. 95), the outcomes of'knowing' the self This study will use 'data' from the Bhagavad- Gita and the Mahabharata, which are m the form of Arjuna's experiences, presenting situations, responses to crises, such that the psychological potentials are evoked. Through the engagement with the characters' and our own emotions, we become aware of our own state of being, what was, what is,and what can be attained by engaging with our self and emotions. The self is understood as a process and hence is trans formative by nature, ft is not a monolithic fixed'self but an evolving,growing, transforming self.

Keywords

Sthtaprajnatva, Psychological Well-Being.

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S. Parvathavarthini ¹, N. Karthikeyani Visalakshi ², S. Shanthi ¹, K. Lakshmi ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computer Technology and Applications, Kongu Engineering College, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, NKR Government Arts College for Women, IN

Abstract

Clustering is the process of splitting data into several groups based on the characteristics of data. Fuzzy clustering assigns a data object to various clusters based on different membership values. In medical field, the diagnosis of the disease has to be done without faults and in an earlier time without any delay. So, there is a need to represent imprecise nature of the data. To represent vague data in a clear manner, Intuitionistic fuzzy set introduces a parameter called hesitancy degree. In case of Intuitionistic fuzzy clustering, this indicates that the user is not aware whether the object belongs to or not belongs to a cluster. In such a case, hesitancy can very well represent the inherent noise in the data or the ignorance of the user that is given by the state ‘may be’. All clustering algorithms choose the initial seed in a random fashion. But, this creates a serious impact on the convergence of the algorithm and the clustering algorithms tend to fall into local minima. This work utilizes Intuitionistic fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization to initialize the centroids for the Intuitionistic fuzzy clustering algorithm. The algorithm is executed over medical datasets from UCI repository and the results indicate that optimal clusters are achieved. The proposed method performs well when compared with IFCM and FCM-PSO.

Keywords

Clustering, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, Particle Swarm Optimization, Inertia Weight, Lambda Value.

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K. Lakshmi ¹, N. Karthikeyani Visalakshi ², S. Shanthi ¹, S. Parvathavarthini ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, Kongu Engineering College, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, NKR Government Arts College for Women, IN
3 Department of Computer Technology, Kongu Engineering College, IN

Abstract

Cluster analysis is the unsupervised learning technique that finds the interesting patterns in the data objects without knowing class labels. Most of the real world dataset consists of categorical data. For example, social media analysis may have the categorical data like the gender as male or female. The k-modes clustering algorithm is the most widely used to group the categorical data, because it is easy to implement and efficient to handle the large amount of data. However, due to its random selection of initial centroids, it provides the local optimum solution. There are number of optimization algorithms are developed to obtain global optimum solution. Cuckoo Search algorithm is the population based metaheuristic optimization algorithms to provide the global optimum solution. Methods: In this paper, k-modes clustering algorithm is combined with Cuckoo Search algorithm to obtain the global optimum solution. Results: Experiments are conducted with benchmark datasets and the results are compared with k-modes and Particle Swarm Optimization with k-modes to prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Keywords

Cluster Analysis, k-Modes, Cuckoo Search Optimization, Local Optima, Initial Centroids.

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K. Lakshmi ¹, G. Srinivas ², R. Bhuvana Vijaya ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mathematics, JNTU A, Anantapuramu, IN
2 Dept. of H and S, RSR Engineering College, Kadanuthala, IN

Abstract

The field of mathematics plays a vital role in various fields. One of the most important areas in mathematics is graph theory. Graph coloring arises naturally in a variety of applications such as register allocation and timetable, examination scheduling, map coloring, radio frequency assignment, pattern matching, Sudoku, telecommunication and bioinformatics. Graph coloring problem is a combinatorial optimization problem applicable in many problems existing nowadays. To solve the graph coloring problem, Genetic Algorithm, a calculus free optimization technique based on principles of natural selection for reproduction and various evolutionary operations such as crossover and mutation is used. Many algorithms are available to solve a Graph coloring problem. A recent and very promising approach is to embed local search into the framework of Evolutionary algorithm. This approach of hybridization is very powerful and these algorithms are carried out on large DIMACS challenge benchmark graphs. The results are very competitive and even better than those of state of the art algorithms. This paper focuses on reviewing the recent literature on hybrid genetic algorithm, and recommending state of the art algorithm in GCP.

Keywords

Graph Coloring Problem, Local Search, Evolutionary Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm.

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Sk. Karishma ¹, K. Lakshmi ¹, D. Eswar Tony ¹, A. Narendra Babu ¹, Rama Rao Nadendla ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur. Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Aim and Objective: To evaluate the pharmacological action of leaf extract of Terminalia bellerica with Moringa oleifera for its synergistic action on Anti Diabetic activity and Anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Methodology: The Pharmacological evaluation of standardized aqueous extract of the leaves of Terminalia bellerica with Moringa oleifera was carried by using the following Stimuli models: a)Antidiabetic activity by Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes, b) Anti-inflammatory activity by Egg Albumin Induced Paw Edema. Results: The parameters of various activities to assess anti diabetic and anti inflammatory activities were evaluated and found That, The combination of extracts possess a better response then alone. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of the combination of Terminalia bellerica with Moringa oleifera has shown significant anti diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities when compared with standard and extract alone.

Keywords

Terminalia bellerica, Moringa oleifera, Anti Diabetic Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Digital Plethysmometer, Glucometer.

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K. Lakshmi ¹, Suttur S. Malini ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru – 570005, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological problem that leads to infertility in reproductive age. It is strongly associated with oxidative stress, which increases the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (Met-S) in women. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress markers and metabolic syndrome parameters in PCOS women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included age-matched 100 control and 150 PCOS (according to Rotterdam criteria). Anthropometric measurements were obtained from each subject. Lipid profile, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), and insulin were determined. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels are pro-oxidant indicators, while for antioxidant activities, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), Vitamin-C (Vit C), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) activity were measured by spectrophotometry. Results: In the PCOS group the SOD, CAT, GSH, Vit C, and TAC activity were significantly low, whereas NO, ROS, and MDA were significantly high (p < 0.05). In the PCOS group, the pro-oxidant MDA showed a negative correlation with HDL and a positive correlation with DBP. The antioxidants SOD and CAT showed a negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and triglycerides. Conclusion: The metabolic syndrome components of PCOS can induce oxidative stress, which is evidenced by a decrease in antioxidant defence mechanisms. It is probably because oxidative stress itself is the consequence of PCOS, more so with Met-S which increases the pro-oxidant state and decreases the anti-oxidant capacity in women.

Keywords

Antioxidants, Metabolic Syndrome, Oxidative Stress, PCOS.

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