Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Manimurugan ¹, K. Porkumaran

Affiliations
1 Anna University, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

Compression is the technique that is used for the purpose of transformation of data. The data has to be transformed (or) transmitted only after compression. For example, in case of medical field there is a necessity for the transmission of medical images. This has to be done in an efficient way. It is because, if there is a minor change it may lead to serious and major problems. This paper presents a new methodology known as the hybrid codec which is a combination of fractal and wavelet, in order to overcome these kind of issues. In hybrid codec, the medical image is given as input to the Packet Wavelet Transform(PWT), which is subdivided into detail subband and approximation subband. The detail subband is encoded by set partitioning in hierarchial trees and the approximation subband is encoded by quadtree partitioned iterated function(QPIF). The combination of detail code stream and approximation code stream finally produces a code stream which has advantages over PWT. The quality of the medical image increases as well as the time complexity reduces.

Keywords

Medical Image, Quadtree Partitioned Iterated Function, Packet Wavelet Transform (PWT), Set Partitioning in Hierarchial Trees (SPIHT).

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S. Manimurugan ¹, K. Porkumaran , Sherin Soman ²

Affiliations
1 Anna University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Karunya University, IN

Abstract

A variety of image fragments need to be reassembled inorder to reconstruct images and objects. This is a problem often encountered in several applications, ranging from archeology to medicine. The research focus of Image Fragments Reassembly Technique is on how to reassemble as many fragments as possible and at the same time to reduce the false matching error rate. The manual reassembly of image fragments is very difficult. It requires great amount of time, skill and effort. Thus, the automatic reassembly of image fragments is very important and can lead to a faster and more efficient reassembly. There are many techniques available for reassembling image fragments. This paper presents a survey of different reassembly techniques for image fragments and their performances. All these reassembly techniques can lead to a significant reduction in the human effort involved.

Keywords

Archaeology, Fragment, Matching, Reconstruction.

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S. Manimurugan ¹, K. Porkumaran , Neenu Sebastian ², Neethu Rajan ²

Affiliations
1 Anna University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Karunya University, IN

Abstract

Today images are widely used for the authentication purposes. For example in digital watermarking, visual cryptography etc, we use images for the authentication. Here images are transmitted from sender to receiver through a communication network, where they are processed for ensuring the authentication. While transmitting the images we must ensure that it is compressed effectively without losing the quality of image. Another threat while sending the image through network is that, it can be accessed and modified by a third party easily. This will affect the integrity of the image and it cannot be used for the authentication purposes. For ensuring a better usage of image for authentication purposes our approach uses the JPEG LS compression technique, which provides a better compression rate and good visual quality. For checking the integrity of image here the JPEG Ghost technique is used.

Keywords

Compression, Digital Forgeries, JPEG Compression, JPEG Ghost, JPEG LS.

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B. Nataraj ¹, K. Porkumaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, IN
2 Dr. NGP Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract

A conformal mapping analysis of various coplanar waveguide structures is presented on silicon substrate. The analysis is based on quasi-TEM analysis which is used in formulating the electrical parameters of a transmission line. Different coplanar structure configurations are investigated. Simulation results are presented for coplanar waveguides etched on the surface of a rectangular silicon substrate. Calculated electrical parameters like line capacitance, characteristic impedance, effective dielectric constant and phase velocity and simulated results shows tapered waveguides are more suitable for tunable devices like MEMS phase shifters, varactor designs. The results shows return loss of conventional CPW designs varying from 32 dB at 1 GHz to a value of 52 dB at 40 GHz. The loss of Bow-tie and Bow-tie ground tapered configurations are above 29 dB at 1dB and above 39 dB at 32 GHz. The insertion loss obtained from simulation of the 3 coplanar waveguide designs is less than 1 dB upto 30GHz.

Keywords

Coplanar Waveguide, TEM, MEMS, Phase Shifters, Varactors.

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S. Manimurugan ¹, K. Porkumaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya University, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Dr.NGP Institution, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a format that is widely used as a tool for data exchange and storage. It is being increasingly used in secure transmission of image data over wireless network and World Wide Web. Verbose in nature, XML files can be tens of megabytes long. Thus, to reduce their size and to allow faster transmission, compression becomes vital. Several general purpose compression tools have been proposed without satisfactory results. This paper proposes a novel technique using modified BWT for compressing XML files in a lossless fashion. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed technique outperforms both general purpose and XML-specific compressors.

Keywords

XMl File, Encoding, DeCoding, GST, EC, RLE.

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K. Srinivasan ¹, K. Porkumaran ², G. Sainarayanan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr.N.G.P Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Monitoring the behavior and activities of people in Video surveillance has gained more applications in Computer vision. This paper proposes a new approach to model the human body in 2D view for the activity analysis using Thinning algorithm. The first step of this work is Background subtraction which is achieved by the frame differencing algorithm. Thinning algorithm has been used to find the skeleton of the human body. After thinning, the thirteen feature points like terminating points, intersecting points, shoulder, elbow, and knee points have been extracted. Here, this research work attempts to represent the body model in three different ways such as Stick figure model, Patch model and Rectangle body model. The activities of humans have been analyzed with the help of 2D model for the pre-defined poses from the monocular video data. Finally, the time consumption and efficiency of our proposed algorithm have been evaluated.

Keywords

Human Pose Analysis, 2D Human Body Modeling, Pre-processing, Frame Differencing Algorithm, Thinning Algorithm

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S. Prabakar ¹, K. Porkumaran ¹, Parag K. Shah ², V. Narendran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dr N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641 048, IN
2 Department of Paediatric Retina and Ocular Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospitals, Coimbatore 641 014, IN

Abstract

The retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ocular pathological disorder of retinal blood vessels in premature infants and low birth weight infants. The medical professional who is taking care of premature infants should know who is at the risk of this disease and its exact severity stage. It is also important to decide when screening must begin and how often these infants need to be examined as disease progression leads to a more severe stage causing blindness. The contrast stretching method has been utilized to enhance the ROP colour image. Then an automatic isotropic undecimated wavelet transform (IUWT) scheme has been proposed to extract the abnormal retinal blood vessel and measure its width and tortuosity. The ridge formation of this pathological disorder has also been extracted by IUWT. The quantitative measurements of mean diameter, standard deviation, tortuosity, length of retinal blood vessel and ridge have been considered and computed to find the exact severity stage of ROP. The proposed methods for ROP stage screening system have been validated through machine vision techniques. This proposed system improves the optimum time utilization for ophthalmologists; ophthalmic technicians can provide exact ROP stage and deliver better accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosis.

Keywords

Isotropic Undecimated Wavelet Transform, Retina Vessel and Ridge, Retinopathy of Prematurity, Tortuosity.

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S. Prabakar ¹, K. Porkumaran ², S. Ramanan ³, K. Cheranmadevi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, IN
2 Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, IN
3 Department of Special Education, National Institute for Empowerment of Person with Multiple Disabilities (NIEPMD), Chennai, IN
4 Department of Therapeutics, National Institute for Empowerment of Person with Multiple Disabilities (NIEPMD), Chennai, IN

Abstract

Student with special needs often encounter problems where they lack their basic needed skill. These kids face challenges in interacting with the society. These kids often have a low level of social communication. The purpose of this proposed research is to investigate the effectiveness of Multi-Sensory Storytelling (MSST) to improve the social communication of children with special needs/Multiple Disabilities (MD) using technically advanced Virtual Reality (VR) and Computational Intelligence tools. This proposed research work is mainly focusing on age group of 6-10 years old children with special needs. Their levels of communication and life skills have been assessed by standard pre assessment intervention. Based on that customized training strategies on MSST have been formulated using VR techniques and Artificial Intelligent Methods. The experimental sessions have been planned to conduct for a time period of 60mins session for alternate days for twelve weeks course of the duration. The progresses of the customized training programs have been validated through post assessment interventions. The result indicated that among the kids of 20% girls and 80% of boys and the outcomes found to have a gradual improvement (27%) in their social communication with advance technology supported multi-sensory storytelling method. This research work demonstrated by a controlled group of children with autism and their level of improvement has been witnessed. This research work makes the children who live in their own world to lead a normal child; it makes us to treat them both physically and mentally as normal kids to do their day-to-day activities.

Keywords

Multiple Disabilities, Special Kids, Multi-Sensory Storytelling, Virtual Reality, Computational Intelligence.

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S. Prabakar ¹, K. Porkumaran ², S. Ramanan ³, K. Cheranmadevi ⁴, R. Karthikeyan ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, IN
2 Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, IN
3 Department of Special Education, National Institute for Empowerment of Person with Multiple Disabilities, IN
4 Department of Therapeutics, National Institute for Empowerment of Person with Multiple Disabilities, IN
5 5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, IN

Abstract

Around the globe, the population suffered with stroke and spinal cord injury are rapidly increasing who are in need of an effective and efficient solution for their day to day life management. Paraplegia is a form of paralysis in which function is substantially impeded from the waist down or lower extremities but not the arms and it is sometimes called as partial paralysis. More than 73% people with paraplegia have perfectly healthy legs. The main aim of this proposed study is to develop an efficient rehabilitation system to treat paralysis patients of paraplegia. In this proposed research work, an assistive knee exoskeleton is designed and developed as a wearable robot with One Degree of Freedom (ODF) movement. This system is attached with the disabled limb with the aim of delivering appropriate motion and pragmatic functionality to the affected knee for suitable rehabilitation. This exoskeleton knee is controlled by the instrumented cane as a wearable sensory system to establish the coordinated movement through patient’s motion task estimation in order to control the trajectory of ODF exoskeleton robot. The computational intelligent control systems provides assisted rehabilitation motion in coherence with the motion of other unassisted upper limbs through the wearable sensors and switches in the instrumented cane. The instrumented cane is a helpful assistive device for rehabilitation in terms of balance and movement for those who suffering neurological disorders, in particular stroke and spinal cord injury. The pilot study on a subject using the proposed system describes utilization of instrumented cane as a feasible interface between the patient and exoskeleton to improve in terms of motion in their day-to-day activities. Also, the system is designed with inertial measurement module integrated with wireless communication device in order to assist real-time control of exoskeleton. The outcomes of the proposed research work validated and appreciated by the expert physicians and therapists. This study strives the purpose of an instrumented cane that able to contribute to the cognitively assisted locomotion technology as well as improves the mobility of physically challenged people.

Keywords

Skin Cancer, Detection, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine, Histogram of Oriented Gradients.

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