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Rajyalakshmi, K.
- A Review on Colonic Drug Delivery System
Authors
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, IN
2 Sri Padamavati Mahila University, Tirupati, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 122-129Abstract
Colon specific drug delivery has gained a much importance for the delivery of drugs to treat the both local and systemic diseases. Local diseases include Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer. Number of other serious disorders like nocturnal asthma, arthritis and angina can also be cured by these techniques. Colonic delivery is a good candidature for delivery of proteins peptides and vaccines where the enzymatic degradation and the hydrolysis of proteins can be minimized and increases the systemic bioavailability. A drug should be protected from the absorption and the upper GI environment to achieve the successful colonic drug delivery. The colon specific delivery of drugs to the target receptor sites has the advantage to reduce the side effects and improves the therapeutic response. Colon specific drug delivery are being developed by taking advantage of the luminal PH conditions and the presence of microbial enzymes such as azoreductase, pectinase, dextranase…etc. This review mainly reveals on the various concepts and approaches include Prodrug, PH and time dependent systems and microbially triggered systems used in the development of colon specific drug delivery. This also focuses on the novel approaches namely Pressure controlled colonic delivery, osmotic controlled drug delivery and CODESTM. In vitro and in vivo evaluation parameters has been discussed here.Keywords
CDDS (Colon Drug Delivery System), Prodrug Approaches, PH Dependent Systems, Microbially Activated Systems, Novel Approaches.- Shareholder Activism
Authors
1 IBS, Hyderabad, IN
Source
Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, Vol 10, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 23-36Abstract
Shareholders are interested in how the company is being managed. In case of dissatisfaction about the functionality or performance of the company; they take the reins and monitor the management to ensure that it is managed in the best interests of the company. Shareholders influencing the corporate behavior by exercising their rights as owners are termed as shareholder activism.
Shareholder activism has earned its place in the financial press in the recent times. Internet helps in coordination between different groups and reduces asymmetries of information. Shareholders whose interests are diverse, aided by proxy advisory firms are flexing their muscles in varied ways like proxy requisitions, request for shareholder meetings, proxy fights to influence the behavior of the management. Presence of media acts as a catalyst to activism. The author cites, as examples a number of wins scored by activists in India and abroad. The challenge before corporate is to deal with activism without compromising the fiduciary duty of acting in the best interests of the company but not to specific activist shareholders.