Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Kiran ¹, R. H. Shobha Rani ¹, V. JaiPrakash ¹, K. Vanaja ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

Background: Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency and one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to easy availability of poisonous substances and its low cost. So it was important to know the pattern of poisoning at St Martha's Hospital. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of poisoning at a tertiary care hospital in south India, Bangalore and to study the sociodemographic profile of the same. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all poisoning cases admitted to the emergency department of St Martha's Hospital from Jan 2006 to Oct 2007 was done to study the pattern of poisoning reported. Data on age and sex distribution, religion, type of poisoning and hospitalization stay were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 148 patients (male: 93, female: 55) were included in the study. The age of the patients varied from 1-68 years. The male female ratio was 1.7:1. In more than 25 years of age, there was male predominance in all the age group. The types of poisons were insecticides like organophosphrous compound, halogenated insecticides, petroleum products, anti-inflammatory drugs, corrosive substance, barbiturate, rodenticides, etc. 60.23 % of cases were intentional poisoning for suicidal attempt. The hospital stay of the admitted patients with poisoning ranged from 01 to 52 days. The mean hospital stay was 7.9 days. During the hospital stay, most of the cases were managed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) services. In the study 22 cases had mortality. Conclusion: Intentional poisoning among young adults is a common public health hazardous. The commonest poisoning includes organophosphrous, halogenated insecticides, and petroleum products. Establishing a poison information centre (PIC), which should be networked with other PIC in India and also with developed countries, can help in early identification of the poisoning and also managing the cases by sharing the information. Awareness to the public regarding information on poison prevention has to be penetrated.

Keywords

Poisoning, Bangalore.

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K. Vanaja ¹, R. Umarani ²

Affiliations
1 Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an emerging trend and it has to face many challenges and issues. An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network, without the use of existing infrastructure. When two nodes are not within the radio range of one another, they use intermediate nodes to route packets for them. Routing in MANET is a challenging problem which draws researcher‟s vision, due to nodes mobility, dynamic topology, frequent link breakage, limitation of nodes (memory, battery, bandwidth, and processing power), and lack of central point like base stations or servers. So by analyzing different ad hoc routing protocols based on the metric throughput, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay which may yield a solution to the challenges in the ad hoc routing in different situations. The mobility of nodes and instability of the wireless environment may result in link breaks between neighboring nodes, even causes the route to be invalid. This paper focuses on the mobility of the source node and intermediate node which may result link failure. If a source node moves, it is able to reinitiate the Route Discovery Protocol (RDP) to find a new route to the destination using path updation. For intermediate node link break a Local Repair Procedure is used to update the path. This main objective of this paper is new path updation and resolving link failure in AODV. Computer simulation using NS2 simulator on Linux operating system shows the behavior and performance enriched in AODV routing protocol based on the metrics.

Keywords

MANET, AODV, RDP, Link Failure, PDR, E2E, Throughput, NS2.

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K. Vanaja ¹, R. UMARANI ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, VLB Janakiammal College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The rapid development in the wireless technology, enormous availability of mobile devices make the people expectation of their communication with each other without any interruption. Mobile Adhoc Network is a collection of mobile devices which communicate with each other without any infrastructure. The communication networks suffer due to frequent changes in topology because of mobility and scalability. The main objective of this protocol is to resoleve this issue by proposing an enhanced reliable,fault tolerant routing protocol for MANET based on the reactive routing protocol AODV, and is called Fault Tolerant Power Constraint Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing (FTPC-AODV). The proposed FTPC-AODV deals with how the mechanism adapt to topology changes due to mobility induced link break by building back up paths between the source and destination by considering battery power as a constraint. If the primary path fails, it automatically switches to the backup path and improves the data transfer rate. The protocol is implemented using Network Simulator (NS-2) and simulation results are analyzed based on the quantitative metrics. The derived results shows that the performance of Adhoc Newtork significantly improved by means of good packet delivery ratio, through put and reduced packet loss, and delay.

Keywords

MANET, NS-2, AODV, FTPC-AODV, Quantitative Metrics.

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