Informatics Publishing Limited

Arshdeep Kaur ¹, Divya Prakash Gupta ¹, Shivinder Devra ¹, Karamdeep Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, IN

Abstract

Optical fiber is a thin hair-like fiber made of silica or plastic that is used to transmit data. It consists of a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding. There are many kinds of fiber like Step Index MMF, Graded Index MMF, Silica doped fiber, plastic fibers, Photonic Crystal fiber, Fluoride fibers etc. Among the various types of fibers used in communication system, Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF) are widely used due its unique structure and tendency to work in two different modes i.e. Index Guided Mode and Band Gap Mode. PCFs are widely used in spectroscopy, meteorology, bio-medicine, imaging, telecommunication, industrial machinery etc. This paper is an overview of PCF modes and its various properties.

Keywords

Photonic Crystal Fiber, Photonic Band-Gap Fiber, Index Guided Fiber.

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Karambir Singh ¹, Karamdeep Singh ¹, Shivinder Devra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab, IN

Abstract

As multiple accessing technique that can be used to provide access to multiple users to transmit data to same channel simultaneously without any scheduling or delay in transmission, Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) has been an alluring for the past few decades. All users share all bandwidth simultaneously and access the network asynchronously. To provide access to multiple users simultaneously, many coding techniques to increase possible users and improve performance has been analyzed for OCDMA systems. In this paper, many different proposed methods of coding are reviewed. Performance, cardinality and capacity of these codes are discussed. Significance of introducing dimensions in optical code is also be discussed.

Keywords

Multiple Access Interference (MAI); Optical Fiber Communication; Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDMA)

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