Informatics Publishing Limited

A. Kalai Selvi ¹, K. Gnana Shanmugham ², M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, BIHER, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, BIHER, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Tongue is the most agile, versatile appendage in the body. It is the largest organ of the oral cavity. Dental arches are enveloped on both the sides by muscular tissues. Tongue alone counteracts various buccal forces exerted by cheek and lip musculature. Precise balance between these forces is utmost importance for normal inter and intra arch relationship. The unstable forces induced by abnormal functions such as mouth breathing, tongue thrust, swallowing and unilateral chewing and abnormal postures of oral circumferential muscles such as forward tongue thrust, tongue biting, low tongue at rest were correlated with varieties of malocclusion. Thus it is necessary for proper understanding of these structures. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of tongue in malocclusion.

Keywords

Tongue, Malocclusion, Abnormal Posture.

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Jeenu Raj ¹, Faisal Tajir ¹, M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Finite element analysis, an engineering method for analysing stress and strain has created a niche in the field of orthodontics because of its ability to deliver detailed and precise information regarding stress on load application. It divides the object of study into a finite number of elements and the connected by a meshwork and equations are developed for each elements thereby making each element an individual object of study. Several studies have been conducted using the finite element method and there is a lot of scope for this experimental method to be used in future as well.

Keywords

Finite Element Analysis, Mesh, Software.

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R. Mohan Pradeep ¹, S. Kishore Kumar ², M. S. Kannan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is planned for moving the teeth inside the tissues of the alveolar procedure of the maxilla and mandible, and changing the occlusal conditions, in this manner it is conceivable to improve the capacity and style of the masticatory framework. The orthodontic treatment depends on a powerful procedure of rebuilding the tissue structures of the alveolar procedure of the maxilla and mandible. At the point when the power is applied on teeth for quite a while, cutoff points of versatile disfigurements of tissues can be surpassed and translational relocation of a tooth can be watched. The got tooth development influences changes in the shape and organization (particularly in connection to the calcium-phosphate balance) of bone tissue and encompassing delicate tissues.

Keywords

Vitamin-D, Calcium, Lumisterol, Tachysterol.

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S. Vaibava Keerthana ¹, A. Arif Yezdani ¹, M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, IN

Abstract

Bone mineral metabolism helps in understanding the sequence of boneloss and bone remodeling and in identifying those persons at risk from osteoporosis. One of the approaches that has yielded useful information is the examination of the role of collagenous and noncollagenous bone proteins in bone mineral metabolism. Osteoblasts are the cells responsible for new bone formation, and osteoclasts the cells for resorption. Osteocytes are derived from osteoblasts but their function although not precisely established probably involves calcium homeostasis and bone cell destruction comparable to osteoclastosis. The term remodeling or bone turnover refers to the sequential processes of resorption and subsequent formation for maintenance of mineral homeostasis. In normal man this remodeling cycle occurs at a particular site about every 3 months. The osteoclasts and osteoblasts which are responsible for remodeling appear to be anatomically linked or coupled in equilibrium. Osteocalcin (OC) acts as a regulator of bone mineralization. It also regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This review article lays emphasis on the structure and interaction of OC with various other molecules; its skeletal effects and therapeutic applications.

Keywords

Osteocalcin, Remodeling, Bone Turnover, Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts.

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G. Nidhya Varshini ¹, M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

The word dermatoglyphics is basically a greek word meaning derma=skin, glyphae = carve. It is the scientific study of friction ridges on the palmar and plantar surfaces of hand and feet. Fingerprints are usually formed at the 13th to 19th week of an embryo. It is revealed 6 months after birth. They remain constant, except for the change in their sizes. Embryological development of oro dental structures occurs around the same time. Hence many studies were done to establish the association between dermatoglyphics and dental and skeletal malocclusions. In developing countries with a large population, the simplicity of dermatoglyphic technique and its inexpensiveness warrants its continued use as a diagnostic tool. When combined with other clinical and investigative features dermatoglyphic study can serve to strengthen a diagnostic impression and can be used as a useful screening device.

Keywords

Dermatoglyphics, Finger Prints, Hypodontia.

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Sowmya Mohan Kumar ¹, D. Amudha ¹, M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College And Hospital, Bharath Institute Of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College And Hospital, Bharath Institute Of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Prevalence of Malocclusion has been increasingly reported. A proper diagnosis of the etiological factor is crucial to achieve a successfully completed treatment. Malocclusions have peculiar distribution of occurrence. This can be attributed to the geographical condition, developmental anomalies or habits that are acquired over time. A thorough investigation of the malocclusion, the reason for its development and others factors that could influence the treatment outcome should be analysed before starting any procedure. This review article specifically analyzes the role of respiration and how its alterations can result in the particular type of malocclusion. A proper understanding of the basic anatomy and physiological process, guides in clinical correlation of the aberration. Furthermore, other additional diagnostic method to assess the qualitativeness and quantitativeness of the type of respiratory disorder will aid in accurate diagnosis and various treatment modalities that can be included to eliminate this etiological factor in intercepting the malocclusion. Dentists maybe the first healthcare professionals to have contact with a mouth breathing child. Thus early detection and need for appropriate treatment can be made possible when there is a series of tests that can be implemented to assess the need for management.

Keywords

Malocclusion, Gingivitis, Periodontitis.

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Diana Ashok ¹, E. Thulasi Ram ¹, M. S. Kannan ²

Affiliations
1 Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN
2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, IN

Abstract

Visualising the result of any proposed treatment, not only guides us in each part of the journey toward the final result but also to assess if the treatment objectives are met. Any adverse effects can be easily determined, before the start of the treatment, and necessary alterations to the treatment plan can be made. Various method in which the result of an orthognathic surgery can be visualised are – overlay tracing, template tracing, cephalometric prediction tracing, computer prediction, feasibility mock surgery, etc. How to carry out these predictions are discussed in detail in this article.

Keywords

Surgical Treatment Objective (STO), Cephalometric Prediction Tracing, Feasibility Mock Surgery, Template Tracing, Dolphin Imaging, 3D Cephalometric Analysis.

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K. Sridhar ¹, M. S. Kannan ¹, Faisaltajir ¹, Gnanashanmugam ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath University, Velachery Main Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to Evaluation of altered temporomandibular disc position in symptomatic TMD patients with pre and post gnathological splint therapy.

Materials and Method: This study included ten patients with a mean age of 21.5 years with maxillary transverse deficiency treated with the skeletal expander. The study consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of 25 years with clinically symptomatic and orthodontically untreated TMD patients with splint therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t‑test.

Results: The mean AS, SS, and PS values for right TMJ that was 0.2mm (SD ±0.6mm), 0.5mm(SD± 0.3mm), 0.4mm(SD±0.1mm), respectively and the mean difference between AS, SS, and PS values for left TMJ was 0.2mm (SD±0.1mm), 0.5mm (SD± 0.05mm), and 0.2mm (SD± 0.2mm). The ratio of AS to SS to PS was 0.2to 0.5to 0.4, No significant sex difference was noted in joint space distances. The results showed less variability of condylar position in the fossa than in normal subjects.

Conclusion: Gnathological splints can be used as effectiveness mean for treatment of such patients. This can be easy made good comfort to the patients.

Keywords

TMJ, Splint, MRI, Joint Space.

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