Informatics Publishing Limited

Emad Abdulhaleem ¹, M. Meenakshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The increased demand for higher capacity results in more power requirement which in turn increases the energy consumption and proportionately the carbon footprint. So it becomes necessary to evolve strategies to reduce the energy consumption in the network. In this paper two techniques are studied one by using the principle of femto cells, and another by means of wireless access with fiber-connected distributed antenna system and compare both with micro base station. Femto cells concept is capable of reducing power consumption and increase the capacity because of the short distance between transmitter and receiver, so it leads to higher received signal strength. In wireless access with fiber-connected distributed antenna system dual improvement in reducing energy consumption, one because of short the distance between transmitter and receiver, the second by use of optical fiber which is connected between base station and distributed antennas.

Keywords

Energy Efficiency, Femto Cell, Micro Cell, Wireless Access with Fiber-Connected Distributed Antenna.

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S. Poornima ¹, M. Meenakshi ¹, S. Brindha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The meteoric growth in wireless communication applications and hence the corresponding growth in the cellular network infrastructure to be provisioned has resulted in a growing concern on the energy consumption of the network, the carbon footprint and the electromagnetic pollution. Cell size in cellular networks is in general fixed based on the estimated traffic load. However if the cell size can be adjusted according to traffic, it can save a lot of energy and cost. Cell Zooming is a new concept which adaptively adjusts the cell size according to traffic conditions. Implementing cell zooming in cellular networks needs to introduce some new components and functionalities to the current network architecture. Another technique is to divide the existing cells into a number of small cells covering a few metres each having a low-power, low-cost base station (BS). Umbrella macrocells would be needed to ensure area coverage while most of the data traffic is carried by a large number of small cells. When traffic is very low in one cell, it can even be switched off for some time to save power. When traffic is too low all small cell BSs can be switched off keeping the main BS on, which sends beacon messages to sense the traffic load. This project is aimed at combining these two techniques to simulate a green cellular architecture and to determine the electromagnetic pollution index (EPI) and total energy consumed by the network in different traffic situations.

Keywords

Cell Zooming, Small Cell Networks, Energy Efficiency, Electromagnetic Pollution Index.

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Elzabeth Rajan ¹, V. Vinod Kumar ¹, M. Meenakshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Ultra Wideband (UWB) has the potential to offer capacity much higher than the current narrowband systems for short range applications. The basic approach used by Ultra Wideband (UWB) communication systems is based on sharing spectrum already occupied by other wireless services, instead of identifying available new bands. The advantage of Software Defined Radios (SDR) is that it offers programmability and reconfigurability which helps us to implement various communication standards and modulation schemes. This paper describes the implementation of a Software Defined Radio Transceiver for a Ultra Wideband like low power signal including the timing synchronization between transmitter and receiver. We describe briefly the Wireless open Access Research Platform (WARP) and programming environment. According to the Specifications of this platform a downscaled version of a UWB like signal is considered. The main focus is on the implementation of Time Hopping Pulse Position Modulated Ultra Wideband scheme (TH-PPM UWB). In the receiver part first a sliding window correlator receiver is implemented where preamble based timing synchronization is achieved, followed by matched filter based data detection scheme. BER performance is measured for wired and wireless channels.

Keywords

Correlator Receiver, Matched Filter, TH-PPM-UWB, WARP.

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H. S. Niranjana Murthy ¹, M. Meenakshi ²

Affiliations
1 MSRIT, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, IN
2 Dr. AIT, Outer Ring road, Bengaluru - 560056, Karnatka, IN

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this work is to develop an efficient algorithm for uncovering the myocardial ischemia at early stages from ECG signal using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed work mainly involves three stages namely denoising, extracting features and classification. The removal of noise from ECG signal is achieved by applying wavelet threshold technique. The extraction of clinically useful features is carried out by selecting ST-T complex from ECG beat samples followed by dimensionality reduction using PCA. These features are fed to MLP, SVM and KNN classifier models for diagnosing myocardial ischemia at early stages. The performance of classifier models are validated with ECG data obtained from physiobank database in terms of performance measures such as classification accuracy, sensitivity and positive prediction accuracy. Findings: The comparisons of experimental results have shown that the MLP classifier model has great scope for diagnosing myocardial ischemia at early stages. The MLP classifier model has resulted in classification accuracy of 90.51%, PPA of 93.8% and sensitivity of 96.19%. Application/Improvements: The proposed PCA based method has shown an improved accuracy of 90.51% in comparison with classifiers developed by other researchers.

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Principal Component Analysis, Support Vector Machine.

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T. Manimekalai ¹, M. Meenakshi ¹, D. Princy Dinal ¹, R. S. Koteeshwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CEG campus, Anna University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Cognitive Radio technology is a novel and effective approach to improve utilization of the precious radio spectrum. Spectrum sensing is one of the essential mechanisms for cognitive radio (CR) and various sensing techniques are used by the secondary users to scan the licensed spectrum band of the primary radio (PR) users to determine the spectrum holes. These can be intelligently used by the secondary users also referred to as CR users, for their own transmission without causing interference to the PR users. In this paper, a MAC protocol with two spectrum sensing schemes, namely Fusion based Arbitrary sensing scheme and Intelligence based sensing scheme are analyzed including the effects of interference. Rayleigh channel model for PR-PR interference and CR-PR interference is considered. An expression for the aggregate throughput of the cognitive radio network is derived for the two channel sensing schemes. The effects of interference on throughput are studied both by analysis and by simulation. It is found that interference affects the sensing efficiency which in turn affects the throughput of the cognitive radio users. Rate Adaptation techniques are further employed to enhance the cognitive radio network throughput.

Keywords

Cognitive Radio, Interference, Spectrum Sensing, Rate Adaptation.

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P. Kaviya ¹, M. Meenakshi ¹, N. Miruthula ¹, R. Priyanka ¹, D. Faridha Banu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, IN

Abstract

The change of ecology and the environmental atmosphere is due to different forms of chemical and industrial waste results in air pollution. Pollution affects the climate most. In the proposed work, the main aim is to identify the pollutants in atmosphere with the assistance of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT based system will examine the air quality to identify whether it exceeds past a certain limit. MQ135 gas sensor is efficiently used for air quality analysis to detect most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. This proposed IOT based mechanism helps in continuously monitoring harmful pollution level in web page which can be viewed from anywhere. Arduino controller is used for performing the entire controller operation. Air quality measured and monitored using IoT overcome drawbacks of existing mechanism by continuous graphical variation using mobile application.

Keywords

IoT, Pollution, Air Quality, Arduino.

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