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N. Aparna ¹, R. Karunakaran ¹, M. Parthiban ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This study was undertaken with the objective of studying the effect of Selenium Nano particles on liver glutathione peroxidase mRNA(GSHP×1 mRNA) gene expression in broiler chicken. An in vivo feeding experiment was conducted in 150 broiler chicks. Three replicates of 10 birds were maintained for each treatment with various levels of Selenium Nano particles (0.075, 0.1125, 0.1875 and 0.225 mg/kg) along with selenium coarse particle (0.15 mg/kg) as control group. The liver GSHP×1 mRNA expression was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Selenium Nano particles supplemented groups compared to control group with selenium coarse particles found out by doing RT-PCR  in 15 birds, with 1 bird selected randomly from each replicate contributing 3 birds per treatment. There was 4.3 fold increases in GSHP×1 mRNA expression in birds supplemented with 0.1875 mg/kg nano selenium. However, when the Selenium Nano particles level was increased to 0.225 mg/kg from 0.1875 mg/kg Selenium Nano particles, GSHP×1 mRNA expression was reduced to 0.76 fold when compared with control group of 0.15 mg/kg selenium coarse particles (1 fold). It is concluded that dietary level of 0.1875 mg/kg Selenium Nano particles increased the expression of liver GSHP´1 mRNA gene in broiler chicken. 

Keywords

Broiler Chicken, Gene Expression, GSHP×1 mRNA, Selenium Nano Particles

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M. Parthiban ¹, C. Manigandan ¹, G. Muthu Venkadesh ¹, M. Ranjith Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper gives an overview of setting up a rotary axis to the existing WEDM machine to investigate the machining parameters in WEDG of harder materials. There are a number of hybrid machining processes (HMPs) seeking the combined advantage of EDM and other machining techniques. One such combination is wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG), which is commonly used for micro-machining of fine and hard rods. WEDG employs a single wire guide to confine the wire tension within the discharge area between the rod and the front edge of the wire and also to minimize the wire vibration. Other advantages of WEDG include the ability to machine hard-to-machine materials with large aspect ratio.

Keywords

WEDM, WEDG, Aspect Ratio.

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A. Kokila Priya ¹, M. Balagangatharathilagar ¹, D. Chandrasekaran ², M. Parthiban ³, S. Prathaban ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600007, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Aim: Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) ranging from mild to severe forms is commonly encountered in puppies. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of common enteropathogens and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in puppies reported with HGE.
Materials and Methods: The canine HGE activity index, with little modification, was adopted to identify Grade III/ severely affected puppies below 6 months of age. Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed to screen and compare the enteropathogens in puppies with hemorrhagic diarrhea and healthy control.
Results: Canine parvovirus 2b was identified in 90.3% of the diarrheic and 10% of the non-diarrheic healthy puppies. Clostridium difficile was identified in all the diarrheic puppies and in 80% of the healthy puppies. Among the diarrheic puppies, 17.7% were positive for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, 9.7% were positive for C. perfringens alpha toxin, 6.4% were positive for Escherichia coli shiga toxin, 6.4% were positive for E. coli enterotoxin (LT), and 3.2% were positive for canine distemper virus. Whereas, none of the healthy puppies were positive for these bacteria and toxins. Fecal antibiotic sensitivity test pattern revealed gentamicin to be sensitive in 95% of the cases, azithromycin in 50%, enrofloxacin in 25%, cefotaxime in 20%, and tetracycline in 5% of the cases.
Conclusion: Parvoviral enteritis is predominant among puppies. Yet, bacteria and their toxins also play an important role in HGE. Gentamicin has higher sensitivity against the enteropathogens associated with the condition.

Keywords

Canine Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis Activity Index, Enteropathogens, Fecal Antibiotic Sensitivity Test, Fecal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay, Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis.

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