Informatics Publishing Limited

Indra Bir Singh ¹, V. N. Bajpai ², A. Kumar ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Delhi University, Delhi 110 007, IN

Abstract

Gangetic plain shows distinct geomorphic surfaces formed in response to the climatic and base-level changes related to the sea-level fluctuations during Quaternary. Within the major river valleys, a distinct geomorphic surface (T₁) is developed, located about 5-10 m above the present-day flood plain (T₀). Study of these surfaces in the Ganga River valley near Kanpur demonstrates that T₁ -surface channel deposits assigned tentatively the date of the last interglacial (25-30 Ka) show meandering scars and coarser sediments (M₁ = 1.9 φ) than the present-day channel sands. The T₀-surface shows braided channels and finer sediments (M₁ = 3.4 φ). The Ganga River has undergone a river metamorphosis from meandering to braided-type during the last 25,000 years, accompanied by decrease in grain-size, and probable decrease in water budget and increase in sediment load. All the major rivers of the Gangetic Plain, many of them braided-type today, show evidence of having been meandering rivers during last interglacial (25-Ka).

Keywords

Geomorphology, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Ganga Pleistocene-Holocene, Quaternary Geology.

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Suyash Kumar ¹, I. B. Singh ¹, M. Singh ¹, D. S. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Lucknow University, Lucknow - 226007, IN

Abstract

Several meter thick muddy sequences make up the topmost part of upland surfaces in Central Gangetic Plain. Excavations in the river-valley terrace (T₁-surface) of Gomti River show about 4 m thick fine-grained deposits, which are underlain by a meter thick sand body: The sand of such sand bodies is coarser-grained than the present-day Gomti River sand. The sequence is essentially a silty very fine sand, highly mottled due to extensive bioturbation. These muddy successions are deposited by sheet floods of monsoon rains and not linked to flood plain of present-day active river. The high plateau surface (T₂-surface) shows locally a few meter thick channel fill sequences, produced by small channels which have been abandoned. The muddy sediments of upland surfaces show high degree of variability.

Keywords

Fluvial Morphology, Sedimentology, Gomti Alluvial Valley, Quaternary Deposits, Gangetic Plain, Uttar Pradesh.

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M. Singh ¹, Tanvir ², A. Madan ²

Affiliations
1 Consultant Tanvir Hospital,Telangana, IN
2 Tanvir Hospital, IN

Abstract

Background: Genital tract Tuberculosis (GTB) is usually detected during sub fertility workup. Here are five cases which presented as Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in the late reproductive age group. Hysterectomy could be avoided by correct diagnosis and medical management. Setting: Private hospital, data collected over a period of 36 months.

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K. K. Singh ¹, M. Singh ¹, S. C. Joshi ¹

Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Sikkim Unit, Pangthang, Post Box 24, Gangtok, East Sikkim 737101, IN

Abstract

In the present study, nine potential wild edible fruits viz., Elaeagnus latifoila, Diploknema butyracea, Eriolobus indica, Spondias axillaris, Machilus edulis, Baccaurea sapida, Ficus hookeri, Elaeocarpus Sikkimensis and Cyphomandra betacea were investigated for antioxidant activity (AOA), total phenolic contents (TPC) and free radical scavenging activities (FRSA). Among different fruits analyzed, Spondias axillaris extract was found to possess the highest antioxidant activity (73.9%) and total phenolic content (69.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract). Spondias axillaris extract also showed best free radical scavenging activity in terms of IC₅₀ value (inhibitory concentration); EC₅₀ (efficiency concentration; mg/mg DPPH); ARP (anti radical power) and reducing power (ASE/ml). The study thus signifies the potential of Spondias axillaris as a source of antioxidant compounds.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Polyphenol, Wild Fruits, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl Radical.

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M. Singh ¹, Sushil Sharma ¹, Rakesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal – 123501 (Rewari), Haryana, IN

Abstract

An investigation to study the influence of edaphic factors on the pathogenicity of ischolar_main rot of bael caused by Fusarium solani showed that the seedling mortality increased with the increase in inoculum levels of either of the media i.e. PDB and wheat grains. The maximum mortality (26.25% pre-emergence and 38.50% post-emergence) in case of mycelial mat was observed in soil inoculated with 4 kg soil whereas in case of wheat grain culture, maximum mortality (28.00% pre-emergence and 40.25% post-emergence) was observed in soil inoculated with 40g kg^-1 soil. The disease incidence was observed more on young seedlings and there was significant decrease in disease incidence with the increase in seedling age. Mortality of seedlings were maximum (46.25%) when 5 days old seedlings transplanted in wheat grain inoculated soil, whereas 40 days old seedlings showed 22.50 per cent disease incidence. The maximum pre (40.25%) and post (38.50%) emergence seedling mortality was observed when soil was inoculated at 5 cm depth. The highest incidence of seedling mortality (37.25% pre-emergence and 28.25% post-emergence) was recorded in treatments where soil was inoculated 48 hour before sowing of Bael seeds. The seedling mortality increased with the increase in moisture content. The incidence was highest (28.25% pre-emergence and 40.25% post-emergence) when the seedlings were irrigated twice a day and was least (19.00% pre-emergence and 30.00% post-emergence) when irrigation was applied at two days gap.

Keywords

Edaphic Factor, Pathogenicity, Root Rot, Bael, Fusarium solani, Seedling.

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M. Singh ¹, V. Shinde ¹, S. K. Pradhan ¹, A. L. Chalodiya ¹, K. N. Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Soil & Water Engg., N.M.College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The present study highlights on the application of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) tool, Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system model for hydrologic simulation of Mahanadi river basin in India. A monthly time step hydrologic model was developed using rainfall-runoff method incorporated in WEAP with an aim to address the challenge of water resources estimation in Mahanadi basin. The model was set-up without taking into account effects of development and it was calibrated against measured flow data available at six gauging stations. A good agreement was observed between simulated and measured flow after calibration. Crop coefficient (Kc) and effective precipitation are the parameters changed during calibration. The range of calibrated parameters was found as ± 5 % and ± 1 % for Kc and effective precipitation respectively for different catchments. The simulation of stream flow using calibrated values revealed that, in most cases, the variation between measured and simulated stream flow values is less than 10%. This shows the good agreement with measured data by using calibrated parameters. The calibrated and validated model can be applied for runoff simulations in other basins with similar hydro-meteorological conditions. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of using WEAP model for water resource management and assessment of future resource development in the basin.

Keywords

Water Resources, Mahanadi River Basin, IWRM, Rainfall-Runoff Method.

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V. Shinde ¹, S. B. Nandgude ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, IIT, Kharagpur-721 302, W.B., IN

Abstract

The present study highlights techniques to identify suitability of water for different purposes such as domestic, irrigation and industrial uses. Water samples from Olidih watershed in Jharia coalfield were collected in premonsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons and analysed for different physico-chemical properties. Water Quality Index (WQI), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na) and total hardness (TH) were determined on the basis of various physico-chemical parameters in order to ascertain the suitability of water for domestic, irrigation and industrial uses. The WQI for the study area found to vary from 23.86 to 166.72 in PRM season and from 22.14 to 146.44 in POM season. In 16.3% and 11.4% of watershed area, water is found unfit for drinking during PRM and POM seasons respectively. The calculated values of SAR and %Na indicate 'excellent to permissible use' of water for irrigation uses during both the seasons. High salinity, %Na and Mg-hazard values at some sites limit use for irrigation purposes. Box plots were plotted to represent seasonal concentration of the major ions which shows increasing trend of Ca, Na, NO₃ and SO₄ during POM.

Keywords

Coal Mine Area, Water Quality, Water Quality Index, GIS, Mine Water.

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M. Singh ¹, M. M. Sardesai ²

Affiliations
1 Archaeological Survey of India, Science Branch, Western Zone, Aurangabad 431 004, IN
2 Department of Botany, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, IN

Abstract

The present research trend is to explore sustainable construction materials having least environmental impact that also encapsulate in terms of our natural resources. The present communication discusses the use of raw hemp as an organic additive in the clay plaster of the 6th century AD Buddhist Caves of Ellora, a World Heritage Site. Cannabis sativa L. admixed in the clay plaster has been identified using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and stereomicroscopic studies and the results are compared with fresh specimens. The study indicates that many valuable properties of hemp were known to the ancient Indians in the 6th century AD.

Keywords

Ancient Caves, Cannabis sativa, Clay Plaster, World Heritage Site.

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H. Kalita ¹, R. K. Avasthe ¹, R. Gopi ¹, Ashish Yadav ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong 737 102, IN

Abstract

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum), a member of the family Zingiberaceae under order Scitaminae, is the most important cash crop in the eastern Himalayan region including Sikkim and the Darjeeling hills in India, the eastern part of Nepal and southern Bhutan.

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P. N. Sharma ¹, Anuradha Sharma ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted to assess the losses caused by leaf crinkle disease in terms of quantity and quality in urdbean in Himachal Pradesh. The disease is caused by urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) which consists of filamentous virus particles. There was significant reduction in yield components (cv. T-9) viz., plant height (23.8%), inter-nodal length (20.0%), pods/plant (70.0%), pod length (18.8%), seeds/pods (37.5%) and seed weight/plant (25.0%) as compared to healthy plants. Seed quality parameters viz., germination (45%), seed viability (86%), seed vigour (0.74%) and protein content (21%) were severely affected by virus infection. The severe reduction in various yield and quality parameters in the infected seed crop clearly envisages the need to control the virus by adopting effective control measures.

Keywords

Leaf Crinkle, Urdbean, Seed Viability, Seed Vigour.

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P. S. N. Tiwari ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Environment is the utmost important part of our lives. Protection of environment is everyone's duty. The teachers themselves need a good awareness about environmental concepts, so that they can educate the future citizens to protect our environment from pollution. In this context, the present study is an attempt to examine the environmental awareness among teachers. The sample consists of 72 male and female subjects belonging to intermediate (Class VIth to Class XII) and primary (Nursery to Class Vth) schools of Gorakhpur city. A measure of environmental awareness with five dimensions was used. Results revealed that teachers belonging to intermediate level were significantly high aware about their environmental problems than primary level teachers. Findings also showed difference between intermediate and primary level teachers on various dimensions of environmental awareness. It was found that only one dimension as awareness regarding environmental problems was found significant. The implications of the present study have been discussed.

Keywords

Environment, Environmental Awareness, Teachers.

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R. Gopi ¹, H. Kalita ¹, R. K. Avasthe ¹, Ashish Yadav ¹, M. Singh ¹, D. Thapa ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Organic Farming Research Institute, (Formerly ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre), Tadong, Gangtok 737 102, IN

Abstract

Leaf streak caused by Pestalotiopsis royenae (Guba) Steyaert has been reported as a new disease of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum). It is characterized by rectangular spots running parallel to the veins. P. royenae was isolated onto potato dextrose agar from the infected portion of the plant. In the pathogenicity test, disease symptoms were not present on inoculated plant and on detached leaf in vitro after 20 days. During 2014–2016, a survey in various large cardamom plantations of Sikkim revealed the presence of tea mosquito bugs on the infected parts of A. subulatum. The spots did not show any growth. Different sized spots have been noticed on the infected leaf produced by different instars. At the initial stage, these symptoms appear on the young and tender leaves of large cardamom. Tea mosquito bugs were collected from the infested leaves and allowed to feed under controlled conditions, which produced similar type of leaf streak symptoms in large cardamom and also in other non-host crops like maize and turmeric. The results reveal that the cause of leaf streak is due to feeding injury of tea mosquito bugs and rule out P. royenae as a pathogen causing leaf streak disease symptoms. Pestalotiopsis sp. was also isolated as endophyte from large cardamom.

Keywords

Helopeltis theivora, Large Cardamom, Leaf Streak, Pestalotiopsis royenae.

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M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 National Museum Institute, Department of Conservation, Janpath, New Delhi 110 011, IN

Abstract

In the present study, bacterial populations capable of re-precipitating calcium carbonate were isolated from the exterior oozed-out calcite deposition of Salabat Khan Tomb, a 16th-century Mughal monument in western India. The deposits were analysed for identification of the materials that led to microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) on the surface of the monument. Quantification of MICP by XRD and visualization by SEM showed direct involvement of these isolates in the precipitation of calcium carbonate. FTIR spectra showed clear peaks for calcite along with a peak of methane probably due to dead bacterial cells. Preliminary examination, isolation and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that the major microbial population participating in calcite precipitation is heterotrophic and includes mainly Bacillus sp., Arthobacter sp., Agromyces indicus and Aquamicrobium sp. In future, the process may be applied for the conservation of many limestone/ marble monuments using MICP in India and elsewhere.

Keywords

Ancient Monuments, Bacterial Populations, Calcium Carbonate, Microbial-induced Calcite Precipitation.

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V. Karuppaiah ¹, P. S. Soumia ¹, P. S. Shinde ¹, A. Benke ¹, V. Mahajan ¹, M. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune 410505, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Nine genotypes of garlic were evaluated for their reaction to Thrips tabaci Lindeman under natural infestation and for host plant traits. Amongst genotypes, UHF G12-2 exhibited resistant reaction; G-282 and PGS-204 were found to be moderately resistant and G- 384, G-189, Bhima purple, PGVK-07 and G-304 were susceptible. The relationship between infestation and among leaf angle (r = -0.897**) and total phenol content (r= -0.836**) showed a significant negative correlation. Leaf damage revealed a weak negative correlation with leaf angle (r= -0.483) and total phenol content (r= -0.303). The plant height and number of leaves revealed a significant negative correlation with thrips damage (r= -0.796*) and nonsignificant negative one with thrips density. Total chlorophyll content showed a non-significant negative correlation with thrips density (r= -0.278) and damage (r= -0.597). Thus, the garlic cultivar UHF G 12-2 could be a promising genotype with resistance/ tolerance, having higher phenol content, total chlorophyll and bulb yield.

Keywords

Thrips tabaci, Allium sativum, Varietal Resistance, Biochemical Resistance, Biophysical Traits, Antixenosis, Antibiosis, Tolerance, Susceptible, Phenol, Chlorophyll, Bulb Yield.

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