Informatics Publishing Limited

Masoud Masoudi ¹, A. M. Patwardhan ², S. D. Gore ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Desert Zones Management, Agricultural College, Shiraz University, IR
2 Interdiscrplinary School (Science), University of Pune, Potdar Sankul, Pune - 411 007, IN
3 Department of Statistics, University of Pune, Pune - 41 1007, IN

Abstract

Entire land of Southern Iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation of which lowering of groundwater table forms an important feature. The Qareh Aghaj sub basin, which covers the upper reaches of Mond River, has been chosen for a test assessment of the consequences of lowering of groundwater table. The various kinds of data gathered from the records and published reports of the Ministries of Agriculture and Energy of Iran have been analyzed in the GIS mode. The paper attempts at evolving a model for assessing the risk of lowering of groundwater table by considering eleven indicators of the same. The risk is related more to the irrigation activity which has led to increasing the number of wells, and groundwater overexploitation during the recent years, but some natural causes like the fluctuation in annual rainfall and hydrogeological characteristics also played a role in the recharge dynamics of the aquifers. The GIS analysis has made it possible to distinguish the areas with potential risk' from those widespread areas that showed the 'actual risk' of lowering of water table. It helped also to identify the areas which should be chosen on priority basis for remedial measures to mitigate the impact of lowering of groundwater table.

Keywords

Groundwater Table, GSI, Indicators, Actual Risk, Potentlal Risk, Qareh Aghaj Basin, Southern Iran

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Masoud Masoudi ¹, Elham Asrari ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Desert Regions Management, Agricultural College, Shiraz University, IR
2 Payame Noor University, IR

Abstract

South of the Zagros belt, the entire land of Southern Iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation of which soil salinity forms a major type. The Mond river basin, located centrally to this zone, has been selected as a test area to develop a statistical model for predicting the salinity of soil using different indicators of soil salinity. The soil salinity data were taken at 49 different samples in the study area. The data as indicators of soil salinity have been gathered from the records and reports published by the different departments of the Ministries of Agriculture, Defence and Energy of Iran. The GIS analysis of various indicators and salinity of soil samples considered proved useful for understanding their relationship in a statistical software. In the present study, the relations between the soil salinity and the indicators of soil salinity have been found statistically in the software of SPSS. To find a regression equation for soil salinity, max EC in 1 m depth of soil has been considered as dependent variable while the indicators of soil salinity including soil texture, water table, dry index, slope, index of efficacy of surface geology (ESG) and groundwater quality are considered as independent variables. For this purpose, the regression equations for two methods of 'enter' and 'stepwise' in software of SPSS have been established. The linear regression equations define the variations of the soil salinity depending on the indicators and also give an idea about the levels of relations. The results obtained show that the relations between the soil salinity and the indicators especially groundwater data do exist.

Keywords

Soil Salinity, Indicator, Regression Models, Statistical Analysis, Correlations.

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Masoud Masoudi ¹, S. A. Abtahi ², S. H. Badiee Namaghi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Desert Regions Management, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR
2 Department of Soil Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR
3 Desert Regions Management, Agriculture College, Shiraz University, Mashhad, IR

Abstract

Erosion is a phenomenon during which soil and sediment materials are transferred by such damaging factors as water and wind. The type of erosion, of course, is different in various climates. As an example, in wet and semi-wet areas, water erosion is more likely than wind erosion. In turn, wind erosion is the main reason for damaging and transferring soil and sediment materials in arid and semi-arid zones, which can cover talented lands and bring about indispensable damage to land administrators. Wind erosion in arid zones is one of the most important processes of desertification, which is considered in different forms and in various models. Wind erosion status was investigated using the IRIFR method. In this method, nine parameters affecting wind erosion process including lithology, morphology and relief, wind velocity, soil characteristics, type and plant cover percentage, wind erosion features, soil moisture, type and distribution of sandy dune, land use and land management were considered. Ultimately, wind erosion index was classified in five classes. ArcGIS 9 was used to analyse and prepare the layers of quality maps to integrate the individual sub-indicator maps. Results show those areas classified under moderate category have a greater extent (61%) in the study area while areas under high and very high hazard cover 15% of lands.

Keywords

Wind Erosion, Nishabur Iran, IRIFR, Empirical Methods.

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Ali Khosh Iqbal Fard ¹, Mohammad Hasan Mirza Mohammady ¹, Masoud Masoudi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Education Science, Shahid University, IR
2 Department of Psychology and Education, Herat University, Afghanistan, ZA

Abstract

The present study purpose is to obtain new educational implications derived from the adaptation of Farabi and Moren votes about science. This study has been done by a comparative procedure and using progressive inference method to discover educational implications. The study explains the findings after explaining the Farabi and Moren general idea, providing the quad questions and expressing the research method. According to these findings, Farabi it has perceived science is based on certainty, equal to value, united with philosophy, and considers and Moren science come from uncertainty with complex entanglements under the criticism of science in the modem world . Farabi and Moren have common opinions through training about the unity of science while multiplicity, the unity of science and philosophy, trans disciplinary training, increasing the authority of the student, and building an ideal society. They also have significant differences in the teleology, the place of logic in science and learning, the type of science unity, and the teleology of science. Significant implications have been provided to design a new educational pattern based on these recognized features of adaptation of the two philosophers' views on the subject of science in the final section. There is a new approach in designing the curriculum among this adaptation, which not only can solve the crises caused by specialization, but also by changing the viewpoint to science nature provide a possibility of synergy between specialists of various sciences from the learning stage.

Keywords

Farabi, Moren, Adaptation, Nature of Science, Unity of Science, Classification of Science, Complexity.

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