Informatics Publishing Limited

Mohammad Khalid Khawrin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, AF

Abstract

Documentation of the last two decades is a history of making progress and the e-services revolution in Afghanistan. New generation services style is called e-services. The qualitative research method was applied for collecting textual data from different sources. It proved that e-services were launched through many governmental and nongovernmental organizations in different sectors. That pave the ways to influence and eradicate corruption, enhancing accountability and transparency in sectors of Afghanistan.

Keywords

E-banking, E-government, E-education, E-passport, E-id, E-services of Police

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Mohammad Khalid Khawrin ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, Afghanistan ., IN

Abstract

Internet users are boosting daily. Gujarat University students surf the internet daily for 5 hours and 36 minutes. It is most important to elaborate on the cyberbullying behavior with gender difference, age, and daily internet surfing association to highlight the misusing point of the internet. This study was conducted by voluntary students at the Gujarat University from (130) sample of both genders (69, 61) respectively. Random sampling design was used. Data was collected through the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory-II (RCBI-II) which is a standardized scale. Its reliability was rechecked for cyberbullying and cyber victim (.791, .840) respectively. The Pearson ProductMoment Correlation and Independent Samples t-test methods were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that daily Internet surfing was significantly correlated with cyberbullying and cyber victim behavior (p <.000, p=.016) respectively. Besides, age also proved a significant relationship between cyberbullying and cyber victim (p=.023, p=.001) respectively. Similarly, the gender difference was significantly important in cyberbullying behavior (p = .010).

Keywords

cyberbully, cyber victim, bystander, internet surfing, social media

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Mohammad Khalid Khawrin ¹, Abdurrasheed Sahibzada ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kunduz University, AF
2 Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Public Administration and Policy, Nangarhar University, AF

Abstract

The topic of job satisfaction as a predictor of employee turnover is important because it can affect the performance and stability of organizations. In the context of public universities in Afghanistan, employee turnover can result in a loss of experienced staff and disruption of academic activities. By understanding the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover, organizations can develop effective strategies to retain their employees and improve organizational performance. This cross-sectional survey explores the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover among lecturers at selected public universities in Afghanistan. Using a purposive sampling technique, 216 participants from five universities completed an online questionnaire voluntarily. The survey data was analyzed using the reliability measures of employee turnover (0.858) and job satisfaction (0.753). Results indicate that there was a significant difference among public university lecturers in Afghanistan based on their level of employee turnover and job satisfaction. Additionally, job satisfaction was found to be a significant predictor of employee turnover at a significance level of 0.001. These findings suggest that addressing job satisfaction among employees is an effective strategy for reducing employee turnover in public universities in Afghanistan.

Keywords

job satisfaction, employee turnover, afghan public universities, academicians

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Mohammad Khalid Khawrin ¹, Muhammad Haroon Jabarkhil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kunduz University, Afghanistan, IN
2 Department of International Relations, School of International Studies & Diaspora, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

From a constructivism perspective, the perceptions, beliefs, and values of local people have a major impact on how they think about the Durand Line and the Pakistan-Afghanistan border dispute. Despite political tensions, crossborder social and economic relationships have emerged because people in affected areas perceive themselves and others as the result of social and cultural constructs of identity, history, and culture. In addition, political and ideological narratives propagated by the ruling elite have influenced how local people view the Durand Line. The constructivist method places great emphasis on the need to understand these social constructs in order to properly understand the complexities of boundary dispute.

Keywords

the Durand line, Pashtun, Pak-Afghan borderline dispute, Afghan-British borderline

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Mohammad Khalid Khawrin ¹, Mohammad Nabi Adalatyar ¹, Matiullah Salih ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kunduz University, Afghanistan, IN
2 Regional Director of ATRA Kunduz, Afghanistan, IN

Abstract

The idea of "soft jurisdiction" is still in the development stage, and there are still debates regarding how governments should exercise their authority online because electronically presence of everything is ubiquity. Beside that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology continues to advance and become more widespread, it is likely to raise several inter-state challenges and opportunities that arise from the interactions between states concerning AI. The purpose of the study is to unveil the inter-states' cold and hot wars through the application of soft laws in the soft jurisdiction realm and its mechanisms for maintaining peace and sustainability. These inter-state issues include questions of liability for harm caused by AI systems, the ethical use of AI, and the protection of personal data processed by AI. Soft jurisdiction is an important area of focus in the future as states seek to address these and other issues related to the development and use of AI. It is important for lawmakers, legal professionals, and other stakeholders to consider these implications and to develop appropriate approaches and frameworks for addressing them to prevent future war between states, therefore, it is suggested that they do so through the authorization of Interpol, which is almost universally accepted by all countries.

Keywords

e-jurisdiction, ai-jurisdiction, inter-states conflicts, artificial intelligence, cyber war

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