Informatics Publishing Limited

N. Thangadurai ¹, R. Dhanasekaran ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, IN
2 Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram, IN

Abstract

Concentration on achieving an optimized throughput by planning a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in such a way that user demands such as Coverage, Bandwidth & Mobility are satisfied.The technology implemented here is a Sensor Network, which provides broadband connectivity to mobile clients at the edge of the network. Hence we encode Wireless Sensor Networks with Genetic Algorithm (GA) which uses Genetic Operators such as Crossover & Mutation Process. To obtain effective routing and channel assignment in the network 1-point, 2-point and uniform crossover techniques implemented with the generation of individuals.

Keywords

Population, Cross Over, Mutation, Throughput.

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K. M. Gayathri ¹, S. Bhargavi ², N. Thangadurai ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara District, Bangalore – 562112, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Telecommunication Engineering, S.J.C. Institute of Technology, Post Box No. 20, B.B. Road, Chickballapur – 562101, Karnataka,, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Main Road, Ramanagara District, Bangalore – 562112, Karnataka,, IN

Abstract

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the multicarrier modulation methodology efficiently used for transmission of high data rate in communication system. OFDM consists of number of independent sub carrier, where the peak value of amplitude is high, which is a cause for high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Hence unique techniques are proposed for PAPR reduction. Here we have proposed an innovative method by integrating the modified Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS), Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) in a single system. The simulation results of the proposed system shows significant reduction in the PAPR performance than the ordinary PTS technique. Using our proposed method we have attained noticeable reduction in PAPR without casing imbalance in BER performance of the signal.

Keywords

DCT, FFT, OFDM, PTS, WPT.

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K. M. Gayathri ¹, N. Thangadurai ¹, M. P. Vasudha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bengaluru 562 112, IN

Abstract

Navigation systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS) play a significant role in determining the user position. Similar to GPS, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is a navigation system indigenously developed by India to meet the country's needs. Presently, six satellites are in orbit - three in inclined geosynchronous orbit and three in geostationary earth orbit. It is essential to evaluate and upgrade the performance of IRNSS continuously for various applications. One such assignment to characterize the performance of IRNSS is mapping of the Jain University global campus geographical area in Bengaluru. The area for mapping includes a terrain with different features such as plain fields, vegetation fields, power distribution substation, dense trees and a terrain with variation in altitude. The purpose of this study is to analyse the performance of both IRNSS and GPS with respect to carrier-to-noise ratio, altitude variation, satellite visibility and GDOP, and the corresponding observations are recorded and plotted with available maps.

Keywords

Altitude Variation, Navigation System, Satellite Visibility, Vegetation Effect.

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N. Thangadurai ¹, M. P. Vasudha ¹, G. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain University, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) renamed as NavIC is used in both the military and civilian communities for navigation, surveying, remote sensing, asset management and precise timing. A number of environmental factors are known to affect the performance of NavIC including electromagnetic interference, multipath, foliage attenuation, atmospheric delays and ionospheric effects. In this paper, the effects of the ionosphere on NavIC will be examined. Ionospheric effects are the most significant disturbance that can affect NavIC users during high sunspot activity. In the presence of glittering, ionospheric modeling can be rendered impractical and receiver performance can be severely degraded. The influence of the ionosphere and a strategy to isolate its effect are a major concern for NavIC positioning and navigation applications. It is also stronger from local sunset until just after midnight, and during periods of high solar activity. If sufficiently intense, these fluctuations can dramatically impact the performance of space-based communication and navigation systems. Therefore, it is desirable to obtain further understanding of ionosphere and its effects on NavIC.

Keywords

Ionospheric Refraction, Iono Delay, Position Error, C/No Ratio.

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M. P. Vasudha ¹, G. Raju ¹, N. Thangadurai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru 562 112, IN

Abstract

In this study, a sensor is designed based on a basic radiometer system at 18.8 GHz for ground-based testing and operations. Initially a generic radiometer will be designed in total power radiometer configuration (Phase 1) that is more appropriate for remote sensing platforms for operations in a campaign mode, such as an airborne mission. The same radiometer is proposed to be modified as a null-balancing Dicke radiometer (Phase 2) that is more suitable for long-term field operations over a range of temperatures and environmental conditions. This system is also useful for long-term propagation experiments in communication. The development of a millimeter-wave radiometer is in several hardware realization phases identified as Phases 1 and 2. The present proposal is expected to facilitate realization and utilization of microwave radiometers for space applications. The team at Jain University, Bengaluru will complement activities at ISRO in remote sensing applications through any campaigns proposed by the latter. Any future incremental development activities such as augmentation at higher frequencies as well testing newer concepts such as phased-array antenna for electronic scanning at lower frequencies, dichroic antennas at very high frequencies, etc. may be attempted based on the trends in technology/hardware.

Keywords

Disaster Monitoring, Microwave Radiometer, Remote Sensing, Snow/Ice Studies.

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S. Hamsa ¹, N. Thangadurai ¹, A. G. Ananth ²

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru 560 112, IN
2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, NMAMIT, Nitte, Udupi 574 110, IN

Abstract

In this study, the schematics for Magnetic Tunnel Junction-Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MTJ-MRAM) are designed and simulations are carried out in 45 and 90 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology using analog design environment. Other memory circuits like volatile Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) and non-volatile flash memory are designed and behavioural waveforms verified. The output behavioural characteristics of MTJMRAM are compared with that of SRAM and flash memory. The attributes like power and delay are calculated and compared with SRAM and flash memory circuits. The study was carried out in order to integrate the non-volatile memory with field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture and design a nonvolatile memory-based FPGA. MTJ-MRAM shows better performance than volatile SRAM and nonvolatile flash memory in terms of power and delay parameters.

Keywords

Behavioural Waveforms, Field-Programmable Gate Array, Magnetic Tunnel Junction, Memory Circuits.

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