Informatics Publishing Limited

Nagesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 National University of Study and Research in Law (NUSRL), Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Knowledge Management (KM) is one of the most important and valuable tasks in University libraries. There are varieties of knowledge in the world. The traditional sources of knowledge in libraries are manuscript, hard bounded books, journals, magazines, newsletters, newspapers, documents etc. In other words we can say that KM is limited up to paper work only. The new techniques and technologies are injecting a new culture in Knowledge Management system. A time will come when the paper work of library will be replaced with digital or electronic versions. Managing knowledge assets can be a challenge with the advent of new technologies such as Internet, information technology (IT), information and communication technology (ICT), networking service organisations (ERNET, NICNET, OCLC, INFLIBNET etc.), databases (www.manupatra.com, www.lexisnexis.com/ in/ legal, www.lexisnexis.com/ academic, www.westlawindia.com,www.jstor.org etc.), data mining, web casting etc. Therefore the concept of KM can be put forth with these words: "Getting the right knowledge to the right people through right processes on right time by utilising efficient IT infra-structure".

Keywords

Data, Information, Knowledge, KM, Hardware, Software, IT, ICT.

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Nagesh Kumar ¹, Yashwant Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan - 173234, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Opportunistic Routing (OR) algorithms depends on metric design applied to the forwarder selection and prioritization. The objective is to define new OR metric, which reduces energy consumption in WSN. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), sensor nodes have been supplied with a small amount of energy, using small size battery. Opportunistic Routing (OR) can minimize energy consumption by reducing delay and providing real time data delivery. OR reduces number of retransmissions in network by increasing the number of tentative forwarders. But most of the OR algorithms depends on metric design applied to the forwarder candidate selection and prioritization. Findings: In this paper, a new energy aware opportunistic routing metric called as Energy Depletion Factor (EDF) is proposed for WSN. This metric takes into consideration energy as well as delay. This metric can directly be used with existing opportunistic routing protocols. This metric extends the lifetime of the network by distributing energy consumption load equally in the network. It tells the routing algorithm that which forwarder node is having what impact on its battery life. EDF is local opportunistic routing metric, which reduces end-to-end delay in the network and also increases the network lifetime. To calculate EDF, the concept of residual energy of each node has been used. Application/Improvements: This metric can directly be used with existing opportunistic routing protocols. Simulation results presented the improvement of network lifetime and throughput by using EDF as a routing metric in WSN.

Keywords

Energy Depletion Factor, End-To-End Delay, Energy Efficiency, Network Lifetime, Opportunistic Routing Metric, Routing Algorithm.

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Nagesh Kumar ¹, Jawahar Thakur ¹, Arvind Kalia ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, IN

Abstract

Security is the most challenging aspects in the internet and network applications. Cryptography is the one of the main categories of computer security that converts information from its normal form into an unreadable form. The two main characteristics that identify and differentiate one encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure the protected data against attacks and its speed and efficiency in doing so. This paper provides a fair comparison between three most common symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES, AES, and Blowfish. The comparison is made on the basis of these parameters: speed, block size, and key size. Simulation program is implemented using Java programming.

Keywords

Cryptography, DES, AES, Blowfish, Encryption, Decryption.

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