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Narendra Singh , Gursharan Singh , Amod Kumar , Tsering Stobden

Abstract

Performance of different high altitude plant species was observed in avalanches affected area at the top ofJawahar Tunnel (3200 m amsl) situated on Jammu-Srinagar National Highway (NH-1A) near Banlhal, J &K. Seabuckthron (HippopluIe rhamnoide), willow (Salix alba), poplar (Populus nigra) and elegnus (Elaeagnus angustifolia) saplings were planted in first week of April 2008 at the site under the study. Higher plant survival percentage, number of branches/plant and number of leaves/branch were recorded in seabuckthorn followed by willow after three months and sixteen months of plantation. Maximum length of branch and percentage of stem diameter increased were recorded with willow than all the other plant species at both the stages. Overall better growth performance of all the studied species were observed at northern aspect as compared to the southern aspect.

Keywords

Avalanche, Afforestation, Eco-environment, Plant Species

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L. N. Singh ¹, T. Lal ², A. K. Agrawal ³, S. L. Singh ⁴, Narendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Northern Region, Lucknow - 226 020, IN
2 Department of Geophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
3 Geological Survey of India AMSE Wing, Bangalore - 560 078, IN
4 Geological Survey of India Western Region, Jaipur - 302 004, IN

Abstract

Lead-zinc mineralisation in Sawar metasedimentary belt is essentially sediment-hosted type it is of Proterozoic age and occurs in the two-carbonate members of Sawar group lnduced Polansation cum resistivity survey has delineated 22 anomaly zones located in lower marble, lower schist and upper marble and at the mutual contacts formed by these different litho-units of Sawar group Out of these, eight zones have been drill tested proving mineralisation and the remaining 14 zones in the area are yet to be tested Drilllng results in the area have clearly indicated that there is a fair correlation between induced polarisation cum resistivity anomalies and mineralised zones intersected in the different boreholes.

Induced Polarisation cum resistivity pseudo depth sections constructed in few zones located over different rock units have established depth persistence of inferred shallow conductors The resistivity survey has demarcated the contact of different litho-units of Sawar group occuring in the area even under soil cover The lithocontacts inferred from resistivity data coincide fairly accurate with extrapolated geological contacts The Interpretation of induced polarisation and resistivity pseudo sechons by inversion technique has brought the model and its geometry, whch compares well wlth the subsurface geology The resistivity model correlates the measured and calculated apparent resistivity pseudo sections The chargeability model also corroborates these inferences.

Keywords

IP Survey, Pb-Zn mineralised zones, Qualitative and quantiiative interpretation, Sawar metasedimentary belt, Ajmer district, Rajasthan.

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Ram Sagar ¹, U. C. Dumka ¹, Manish Naja ¹, Narendra Singh ¹, D. V. Phanikumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Manora Peak, Nainital 263 002, IN

Abstract

ARIES, acronym for Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, located in the Central Gangetic Himalayan (CGH) region is emerging as one of the unique sites for climate change studies. The long-term, in situ, precise measurements of aerosols and trace gases obtained from this region provide valuable inputs for climate studies. Atmospheric scientists from ARIES are actively involved in nearsurface measurements for meteorology, aerosols and trace gases as well as vertical profiling. The Institute is also providing the observational infrastructure and research support to three major projects of the Indian Space Research Organization, Geosphere Biosphere Programme, which basically deals with the measurement of aerosols, trace gases and boundary-layer experiments. The upcoming stratosphere-troposphere radar and high-power micro-pulse lidar observational facilities will be utilized for the continuous vertical profiling of winds, aerosol and cloud properties at a very fine resolution in time and space. Apart from this, atmospheric scientists of ARIES also have active national and international research collaborations. The important results obtained from these research activities are highlighted and upcoming major observational facilities in the field of atmospheric sciences are discussed. They clearly demonstrate the importance of the unique geographical location of ARIES for climate change studies in the CGH region. These measurements and routine meteorological observations provide the necessary atmospheric corrections to the astrophysical observations taken using optical telescopes located at the site.

Keywords

Aerosols, Air Pollution, Climate Change, Trace Gases, Wind Profiler.

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Narendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow - 226002, IN

Abstract

Red rot is a major disease of sugarcane in sub-tropical and tropical regions. It is particularly rampant in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The control of plant pathogens through biotherapy (Cook and Baker, 1983; Mukhopadhyay, 1987) is a distinct possibility for the future and can be exploited in modern sugarcane cultivation.

Keywords

Biocontrol, ChaetomiumSp., Colletotrichum falcatum, Red Rot, Sugarcane, Trichoderma harzianum.

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Rajkishore Kumar ¹, V. P. Ramani ², Rakesh Kumar ³, Amarendra Kumar ⁴, Narendra Singh ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bihar), IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bihar), IN
5 Department of Soil Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Bharuch (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

For the experiment, four different wheat varieties were selected of which two were Zn-efficient (GW190 and LOK-1) and two Zn-inefficient (GW399 and GW-403) varieties having three levels viz., 0, 10 and 20 mg Zn kg^-1 through zinc sulphate (21% Zn) with standard NPK fertilization. The cultivars were grown in pots (6, 7 and 10 kg capacity) upto three stages viz., 20, 50 days after germination (DAG) and upto maturity. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) and treatments were repeated thrice for all three stages. The varietal trend of ischolar_main Zn content was observed in order as; GW399>GW403>GW190>LOK-1. The ischolar_main Fe content was observed in order as LOK-1>GW190> GW399>GW403. The Mn content was observed as in order GW403>LOK-1> GW399>GW190. The varietal trend for ischolar_main content Cu was found as in order GW190>GW403>LOK-1>GW399.

Keywords

Wheat, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn Content, Root.

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Narendra Singh ¹, Raman Solanki ¹, N. Ojha ², M. Naja ¹, U. C. Dumka ¹, D. V. Phanikumar ¹, Ram Sagar ¹, S. K. Satheesh ³, K. Krishna Moorthy ⁴, V. R. Kotamarthi ⁵, S. K. Dhaka ⁶

Affiliations
1 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital 263 002, IN
2 Department of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, DE
3 Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
4 ISRO Head Quarters, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
5 Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, US
6 Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab., Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 015, IN

Abstract

We present the measurements of cloud-base height variations over Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Science, Nainital (79.45°E, 29.37°N, 1958 m amsl) obtained from Vaisala Ceilometer, during the nearly year-long Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX). The cloud-base measurements are analysed in conjunction with collocated measurements of rainfall, to study the possible contributions from different cloud types to the observed monsoonal rainfall during June to September 2011. The summer monsoon of 2011 was a normal monsoon year with total accumulated rainfall of 1035.8 mm during June-September with a maximum during July (367.0 mm) and minimum during September (222.3 mm). The annual mean monsoon rainfall over Nainital is 1440 ± 430 mm. The total rainfall measured during other months (October 2011-March 2012) was only 9% of that observed during the summer monsoon. The first cloud-base height varied from about 31 m above ground level (AGL) to a maximum of 7.6 km AGL during the summer monsoon period of 2011. It is found that about 70% of the total rain is observed only when the first cloud-base height varies between surface and 2 km AGL, indicating that most of the rainfall at high altitude stations such as Nainital is associated with stratiform low-level clouds. However, about 25% of the total rainfall is being contributed by clouds between 2 and 6 km. The occurrences of high-altitude cumulus clouds are observed to be only 2-4%. This study is an attempt to fill a major gap of measurements over the topographically complex and observationally sparse northern Indian region providing the evaluation data for atmospheric models and therefore, have implications towards the better predictions of monsoon rainfall and the weather components over this region.

Keywords

Ceilometer, Central Himalaya, Cloud-Base, GVAX, Monsoon.

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Manish Naja ¹, Piyush Bhardwaj ¹, Narendra Singh ¹, Phani Kumar ¹, Rajesh Kumar ², N. Ojha ¹, Ram Sagar ³, S. K. Satheesh ⁴, K. Krishna Moorthy ⁵, V. R. Kotamarthi ⁶

Affiliations
1 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital 263 002, IN
2 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, US
3 Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru 560 034, IN
4 Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
5 Indian Space Research Organization, Head Quarters, Bengaluru 560 231, IN
6 Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, US

Abstract

An extensive field study, RAWEX-GVAX, was carried out during a 10-month (June 2011-March 2012) campaign at ARIES, Nainital and observations on a wide range of parameters like physical and optical properties of aerosols, meteorological parameters and boundary layer evolution were made. This work presents results obtained from high-frequency (four launches per day), balloon-borne observations of meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction). These observations show wind speed as high as 84 m/s near the subtropical jet. It is shown that reanalysis wind speeds are in better agreement at 250 hPa (altitude of subtropical jet) than those above or below this value (100 hPa or 500 hPa). These observations also demonstrate that AIRS-derived temperature profiles are negatively biased in the lower altitude region, whereas they are positively biased near the tropopause. WRF simulated results are able to capture variations in temperature, humidity and wind speed profile reasonable well. WRF and AIRS-derived tropopause height, tropopause pressure and tropopause temperature also show agreement with radiosonde estimates.

Keywords

Aerosols, Radiosonde, Subtropical Jet, Tropopause Folding, Vertical Profiling.

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D. J. Chaudhari ¹, Narendra Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat), IN

Abstract

Mango and sapota are the main fruit crops having a major share in socio-economic development of South Gujarat. During last few decade the production of mango and sapota in the state has increased. To know the performance of these crops the present investigation undertaken study the growth and instability in area, production and productivity and the major sources or factors affecting on production of mango and sapota in South Gujarat. The growth was worked out with help of CAGR while instability was studied by co-efficient of variation. The decomposition was worked out with conventional decomposition method. The results of investigation showed that area and production mango and sapota significantly raised during study period in majority of districts of South Gujarat. The yield of mango significantly increased in Dang district while yield of sapota increased in all the districts except Tapi and Valsad district. The variability was observed in South Gujarat in respect of area, production and yield of mango and sapota. Yield was the major factor responsible for production of mango while area was dominant factor for production of sapota in most of districts of South Guajrat.

Keywords

Growth, Decomposition, Mango Sapota, Area Effect, Yield Effect.

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V. Kumar ¹, S. K. Dhaka ¹, V. Panwar ¹, Narendra Singh ², A. S. Rao ³, Shristy Malik ³, S. Yoden ⁴

Affiliations
1 Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 015, IN
2 Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital 263 002, IN
3 Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technical University, Delhi 110 042, IN
4 Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606850, IN

Abstract

Influence of the solar cycle on temperature structure is examined using radio occultation measurements by COSMIC/FORMASAT-3 satellite. Observations from January 2007 to December 2015 comprising 3,764,728 occultations, which are uniformly spread over land and sea, have been used to study temperature changes mainly in the troposphere along with the solar cycle over 60°N–60°S geographic latitudes. It was a challenging task to identify the height at which the solar cycle signal could be observed in temperature perturbations as different atmospheric processes contribute towards temperature variability. Using a high spatial resolution dataset from COSMIC we are able to detect solar cycle signal in the zonal mean temperature profiles near surface at 2 km and upward. A consistent rise in the interannual variation of temperature was observed along with the solar cycle. The change in the temperature structure showed a latitudinal variation from southern to northern hemisphere over the period 2007–2015 with a significant positive influence of sunspot numbers in the solar cycle. It can be concluded that the solar cycle induces changes in temperature by as much as 1.5°C. However, solar cycle signal in the stratospheric region could not be identified as the region is dominated by large-scale dynamical motions like quasi-biennial oscillation which suppress the influence of solar signal on temperature perturbations due to its quasi-periodic nature.

Keywords

Radio Occultation, Solar Cycle, Sunspot Number, Tropospheric Temperature.

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