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Patra, P.
- Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Bio-surfactants: A Short Review
Abstract Views :332 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, NY, 10027, US
2 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, IN
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, NY, 10027, US
2 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, IN
Source
Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 31, No 1-2 (2015), Pagination: 99-105Abstract
Surfactants are commonly used in many personal care, pharmaceutical and food products that humans and others come in contact with in our daily life. The impact of the surfactants on human health is of growing concern and has been recognized by industries, governments and the general public. Thus, there is recognition for the need for benign or “greener” surfactants. Surfactants are typically considered greener if they are acquired from natural sources and undergo greener processing routes. In this regard, greener surfactants are biosurfactants derived from microbes and plant. Bacteria produce a variety of surfactants, such as Emulsan, which is produced by gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain RAG-1, extracellular sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola species, rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in L-Rhamnosyl-L-Rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate and L- rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxyd ecanoate forms, and lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, using today’s advanced synthesis biological tools, bacteria can be genetically modified to produce surfactants with molecular structures for desired performance. For example, Bacillus subtilis strains can be developed which are capable of producing different types of fatty acid and glutamate based surfactants. These bio-surfactants exhibit surface active properties similar to conventional surfactants. It is to be noted that biosurfactant molecules are complex in terms of the surfactant functional groups and varying carbon chain lengths and understanding of the structure-property-performance relationships of these complex molecules is therefore key to their optimum usability.Keywords
Alkyl Chain Length, Biosurfactants, Emulsan, Fatty Acid Glutamate, Green Chemistry, Rhamnolipids
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- Socio Demographic Profile and Treatment Seeking Behaviour of Koro Patients in an Epidemic Reported from West Bengal, India
Abstract Views :232 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Amitava Dan
1,
Aditi Chaudhuri
2,
P. Patra
3,
K. Chakraborty
4,
A. Debnath
1,
S. De
5,
M. Chatterjee
6
Affiliations
1 Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Psychiatry, ESI-PGIMSR, ESI Medical College, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & J.N.M. Hospital, West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS), Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
5 Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, IN
6 Department of Anatomy, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
1 Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Psychiatry, ESI-PGIMSR, ESI Medical College, Joka, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine & J.N.M. Hospital, West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS), Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
5 Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, IN
6 Department of Anatomy, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, IN
Source
International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 5, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 8-13Abstract
Background: Koro is a psychiatric illness prevailing at Asia-pacific region with its strong cultural underpinnings. Several large epidemics of koro were reported from India including West Bengal in last few decades. But till date a well planned follow up study is lacking in literature to understand its course and outcome. Method: The present study was planned with objectives: 1.To determine the socio demographic profile of the study population 2.To find out the treatment seeking behaviour of the study population. In 6 months period, 92 consecutive patients with symptoms of koro reported in different disciplines of a tertiary care government hospital of West Bengal. Data on socio-demographic profile, referral points, treatment seeking pattern was collected from 64 patients who gave consents. -Result: Among the whole sample (N=64), 76.56% (n=49) were male and 23.44% (n=15) female. Majority were educated up to primary, single, agricultural work or student by occupation, belonged to low income Hindu rural joint family for male and nuclear family for female. Majority were referred from either private or government doctors or hospitals and reported first at non-psychiatric OPD. Almost 95% had new/old case(s) of ‘koro’ in their locality. Most of the cases reported of trying home remedies before reporting to the hospital. Conclusion: In all societies any issue related to genitalia of adult males and females governed by a pervasive set of social norms which is sensitive to handle and may only be modified by education.
Keywords
Koro Epidemic, Genital Retraction, Shrinking Penis, Psychosexual Syndrome.Full Text
- Effect of Rigid Boundary on Propagation of Love Wave in Heterogeneous Crust over Heterogeneous Mantle
Abstract Views :343 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Information Technology, Asansol Engineering College Asansol-713305, IN
2 Department of Physics, Asansol Engineering College Asansol-713305, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Brainware Group of Institutions-SDET, Kolkata-700125, IN
1 Department of Information Technology, Asansol Engineering College Asansol-713305, IN
2 Department of Physics, Asansol Engineering College Asansol-713305, IN
3 Department of Mathematics, Brainware Group of Institutions-SDET, Kolkata-700125, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 35, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 28-33Abstract
The paper studies the transmission of “Love wave in heterogeneous crust over heterogeneous mantle under a rigid layer”. The quadratic variation of rigidity and linear variation in density has been taken in the crustal medium and exponential variation of rigidity and density has been taken in of the mantle medium. The solution for the crustal layer was solved by the Newlands method and the solution for the mantle solved by the analytical method. It is found that the “speed of Love wave” in isotropic medium under rigid layer is always higher than the “speed of Love wave” in any variation of rigidity or density either crustal or mantle under rigid layer.Keywords
Love Wave, Heterogeneous medium, Rigid Boundary, Wave Propagation.References
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