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Priya Singh ¹, Mahendra Kumar Pal ¹, Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit ¹, Goutham Banerjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN

Abstract

The primary and secondary wastewater treatments from different sewage treatment plants are of great importance not only for removing pollutants but also for using treated water for different purposes. The latter involves using suitable coagulants and their optimal dosages for the treatment. Given this, the present study identified the most suitable coagulant for tertiary treatment and its optimal dosage to achieve the maximum total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal. We used six coagulants (alum, ferric chloride, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), Zetag4120, Mecafloc-25 and Rothfloc-27) and found that Zetag-4120 is the cost-efficient coagulant at varying coagulant dosage. We arrived at this conclusion based on several experiments using varying coagulant dosages. Furthermore, the regression prediction models for BOD and TSS removal for coagulant Zetag-4120 have been generated using statistical models and validated by calculating R² value, F-test and Lack-of-fit test using ANOVA. Optimization analysis suggests the optimal dosage, initial wastewater pH and settling time to be 1.86 mg/l, 6.73 and 89.12 min respectively. Furthermore, BOD and TSS removal efficiency values are 50.0% and 92.4% respectively. The treated wastewater has BOD and TSS equal to 12.27 and 5.66 mg/l respectively, conforming to the standard for re-usability of treated water for unrestricted irrigation.

Keywords

Polyelectrolytes, regression prediction model, response surface methodology, tertiary wastewater treatment, Zetag-4120.

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Yogesh Shivhare ¹, Priya Singh ², U. K. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal M.P., IN

Abstract

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb is a well-known plant in the traditional medicine. Based on its traditional use, methanolic extract of the plant was selected for assessment of healing potential in the form of simple ointment using full thickness burn wound model in rats. The effect produced by the extract ointment showed significant healing when compared with the control and standard groups. All parameters such as wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, and histopathological studies were observed significant (P<0.01) in comparison to control group.

Keywords

T. dioica, Burn Wound, Hydroxyproline.

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Anurag Nema ¹, A. K. Pathak ¹, Ankur Choubey ², Priya Singh ², Yogesh Shivhare ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The wound healing property of polyherbal formulation containing the extract of Psidium guajava and Ficus religiosa was evaluated in excision and burn wound model. The formulation responded significantly in both the wound models tested. The results were comparable in terms of wound contracting ability and epithelialization time. Thus, this exploration confirms the use of formulation containing the extract of Psidium guajava and Ficus religiosa as a wound healing agent.

Keywords

Psidium guajava, Ficus religiosa, Polyherbal.

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Sunita Singh ¹, Pramod K. Bharti ¹, Yogesh Shivhare ¹, Priya Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

Plants have been linked with the fitness of mankind from time immemorial. Several herbal drugs are used for the treatment of various diseases. In case of pregnancy, some precautions were taken while using drugs either they are synthetic or herbal. This review highlights those medicinal plant drugs which are safe in pregnancy for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Keywords

Pregnancy, Plants, Herbal Drugs.

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Yogesh Shivhare ¹, Priya Singh ²

Affiliations
1 30, Gomati Colony, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Lakshminarain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The present communication deals with the laboratory studies carried out to ascertain the anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (fruits). Various concentrations (50 and 100 mg/ml) of extract were tested in the assay, which involved the determination of paralysis time and death time of the organisms. The methanol extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity comparable to standard drug. The efficacy of methanolic extract of Trichosanthes dioica may be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the solvent extract. Further studies on isolation of active constituents are to be required.

Keywords

T. dioica, Earthworms, Roundworm, Tapeworms, Anthelmentic Activity.

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Shweta Gautam ¹, Priya Singh ², Yogesh Shivhare ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Lakshminarain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal,(M.P), IN
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, (M.P), IN

Abstract

Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. During past several years, there has been growing interest among the usage of various medicinal plants from traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Traditional system of medicinal consists of large number of plants with various medicinal and pharmacological importances and hence represents a priceless tank of new bioactive molecules. Genus Praecitrullus fistulosus is very similar to Citrullus in its morphological characters, but differs in the stratification of pollen grains, haploid chromosome number and to some extent in leaf morphology. This review attempts to encompass the available literature on Praecitrullus fistulosus with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, chemical constituents, summary of its various pharmacological activities and traditional uses.

Keywords

Praecitrullus fistulosus, Citrullus, Ecology.

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Sourabh S. Baghel ¹, Sonal Dangi ¹, Prashant Soni ¹, Priya Singh ², Yogesh Shivhare ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Lakshminarain College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

The Present Study was planned to assess the acute toxicity of Coccinia indica ischolar_mains. Rats were orally administrated single dose of 100, 500 and 1000mg/kg of aqueous extract of Coccinia indica. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption and gross findings were observed for 07 days post treatment of Coccinia indica extract. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups. These results state that aqueous extract of Coccinia indica is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

Keywords

Acute Toxicity, Coccinia Indica, Roots.

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Yogesh Shivhare ¹, Priya Singh ², K. K. Patel ², Prashant Soni ²

Affiliations
1 30, Gomati Colony, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

In-vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract of Trichosanthes dioica was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The IC₅₀ values were calculated for all the models in order to evaluate the antioxidant efficiency of Trichosanthes dioica extract. In all the testing a significant correlation existed between concentration of the extract and % inhibition of free radicals. Obtained results clearly indicated that petroleum ether extract of Trichosanthes dioica possesses significant antioxidant potential as compared with standard.

Keywords

Trichosanthes dioica, Nitric Oxide, % Inhibition.

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Yogesh Shivhare ¹, Priya Singh ², Radhika Gadekar ², Prashant Soni ³

Affiliations
1 30, Gomati Colony, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
2 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN
3 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, RKDF College of Pharmacy, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

There is escalating curiosity in the fitness and wellness profit of herbs and botanicals. This is with good reason as plants and their extracts have enormous prospective for the management and treatment of different diseases. There are an increasing number of studies purporting antioxidant effects with conventional medicines. The present review is planned to deliver an overview of the current knowledge surrounding the use of herbal medicines as antioxidants and also to identify the research needs in this area.

Keywords

Botanicals, Antioxidants, Plants.

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Archana Kushwaha ¹, Jayanti Jaiswal ¹, Priya Singh ¹, Neha Rathore ¹, Jai Prakash Dhruw ¹, Ishu Sahu ¹, Chhaya Singh ¹, Krinsha Kumar Sahu ¹, Mukta Agrawal ¹, D. K. Tripathi ¹, Ajazuddin ¹, Amit Alexander ¹

Affiliations
1 Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, IN

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are dosage forms involves drug transport to viable epidermal and or dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a main function of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing drug diclofenac with different ratios of hydrophilic (hydroxyl propyl cellulose) and hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose) polymeric systems polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique and by using Glycerol as plasticizer. Different concentrations of oleic acid and isopropyl myristate were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of Diclofenac. To improve characters of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) was emerged, which will improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs by specific sites within the body, thereby reducing both the size and number of doses. The present article reviews the selection of drug candidates and polymers suitable to be formulated as transdermal system, advantages, disadvantages of formulation design and the methods of evaluation. In this review article the various aspects of pharmaceutical transdermal drug delivery system where compiled together and the target audience are specifically the M Pharm and B Pharm students so that their knowledge towards the subject concern can be enhanced and also at the same time can be motivated towards the publications.

Keywords

Transdermal Drug Delivery System Diclofenac, Transdermal Film, Permeation Enhancer.

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Priya Singh ¹, Preeti Rai ¹

Affiliations
1 Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, IN

Abstract

This work proposes a new directional edge detector operator to detect all type of edges of the image. Initially this thesis provides an introduction to digital image processing followed by a review of various edge detection methods. In the research part authors initially did few experiments on the famous Lena image then by these experiments authors come to two conclusions. These conclusions are basic pillars of the proposed work. (a) Image contains smoothly varying area separated by edge information. (b) Edge pixels take intensities comparatively smaller or larger than the surrounding pixels. Based on this conclusion authors have design the simplest method that works on image patches and find edge pixels. . This operator works on information aligned in four different directions. With the help of a mean filter or a given threshold the proposed method is able to detect strong edges of the images.

Keywords

Directional Edge Detector Operator.

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Priya Singh ¹, Geetanjali Mishra ¹, Omkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, IN

Abstract

Food supply at each life stage is of prime importance that determines the organism’s fitness and also influences individual’s reproductive performance and development. In this contest, we assessed the interactive effect of both larval and adult food regimes in Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) individuals. For this, egg batches were randomly selected and hatched larvae (larval diet) were reared into two food regimes, abundant (A) and scarce (S) till pupation. Post-emergence (adult stage) the ladybird beetles of each food regime were divided into two groups, abundant and scarce and at the age of 10 days adults were paired in all possible combinations. The results showed that individuals that were reared on abundant food mated for longer and showed higher reproductive output than other individuals. The adults provided with scarce and abundant food regime both irrespective of life stages showed similar mating durations and reproductive output. Food supply at larval and adult stages in both sexes plays important role in determining the reproductive success.

Keywords

Fecundity, Food Supply, Ladybird, Reproduction, Viability.

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