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R. Raskin Erusan ¹, D. Nalini ¹, R. Malathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai - 113, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

The incidence of obesity worldwide has increased drastically during recent decades. Currently, obesity is viewed as a pro-inflammatory state with a rise in inflammatory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO) along with the increase in the secretion of leptin. Evaluation of these parameters in lean and obese subjects might enable us to understand the link between obesity, BMI and inflammation. In this connection, we have estimated serum leptin, CRP, NO, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipid profile in normal, underweight, overweight and obese subjects. Interestingly leptin level is found to be higher in obese and overweight subjects. A profound positive correlation has been observed between obesity, serum leptin and CRP suggesting a possible link between obesity, inflammation and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Nitric Oxide (NO), Leptin, C–Reactive Protein (CRP)

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N. Vinoth ¹, J. Krishnan ², R. Malathi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Cardiovascular system is one of the main systems of our human body. There are several cardiovascular problems that have a significant effect on health expenditures in industrialized countries; moreover it reduces patient’s quality of life. In this point of view, current research focuses on detailed modeling of the cardiovascular system. Thus, this paper aims to present a model of the heart enhanced with a widespread model of the cardiovascular system. A mathematical description of this system can provide more insight. So computer-based simulation of the cardiovascular system is analyzed and simulation is done using matlab/simulink software. Instead of a hydraulic model, an inexpensive, compact and simple electrical circuit consisting of resistances, capacitances, inductances and diodes has been constructed, using parametric values that are transformed from hydraulic models. In order to obtain the more accurate model than those used in prior investigations in the literature, a baroreceptor model has been introduced. The model outputs are flow/pressure waveforms, which exhibit a similarity with physiological curves. The elastance was modeled in the form of sine wave which has a parameter H. The parameter H present in the sine wave was altered, corresponding arterial pressure is obtained. Optimal parameter H input to sin wave is found.

Keywords

Cardiovascular System, Heart, Modelling, Pressure.

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K. Padma priya ¹, J. Krishnan ², R. Malathi ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering in Annamalai University, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering in Annamalai University, IN

Abstract

Vertebral fracture is the most common type of fragility fracture, even these are not clinically apparent. It is now recognized that they are associated with increased risk of future fracture, increased morbidity, and increased mortality. Vertebral fractures are common osteoporotic fractures, but current quantitative detection methods (morphometry) lack specificity. Vertebral fracture assessment is a method for imaging the spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to diagnose vertebral fractures. Vertebral fracture assessment exposes the patient to less radiation than conventional spine radiographs, with lower cost and greater convenience. Vertebrae were first classified by radiologists for vertebral fractures and differentiate them from other causes of vertebral deformities. The mild deformities are diagnosed. Fractured vertebrae were graded. AAM was used to provide a semi-automatic segmentation. The resulting segmentations were used for the classification algorithm. Classifier‟s measure of the fracture likelihood estimate was found. Statistical comparisons were done between the classifiers.

Keywords

Active Appearance Model (AAM), Bone Mineral Density, Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Osteoporosis, Semi Quantitative Assessment, Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA).

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T. S. Murugesh ¹, J. Krishnan ¹, R. Malathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, IN

Abstract

The auto-rhythmic cells in the Rabbit heart beat at a wide range of frequencies (330-80 beats per minute) in culture, but in the whole heart they beat at a common frequency set by the normal sinus rhythm. For such a varied range of intrinsic frequencies in a large network of oscillators synchronization becomes much more difficult. Keeping this in mind, an attempt has been made with the help of electro physiology model of cardiac pacemaker cells to analyze the synchronization issue in the syncytium of the cardiac system. A single cell model of a rabbit sinoatrial node was simulated using Matlab package and it was found that the simulated results matched with the experimental findings. Being a sinoatrial nodal cell there exist a parameter for varying the frequency of the generated action potential. After a thorough study of the single cell model, cells were coupled via a coupling element that resembles Gap Junction conductance in real electrophysiology, thus a pair of cell is developed. The intrinsic frequencies of the cells were varied to all possible extents and it was observed that the cells were oscillating in a new frequency and thereby failed to synchronize. The significant role of gap junctions in establishing synchronization was carried out. These investigations emphasized the role of gap junction conductance in their role in synchronization.

Keywords

Action Potential, Cardiac Pacemaker Cell, Gap Junction Conductance, Intrinsic Frequency, Sinoatrial Node.

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R. Malathi ¹, G. Melchias ², S. Chandrasekar ¹, A. Cholarajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University College, Perambalur-621 212, IN
2 Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph College, Trichy –620 002, IN
3 P.G. Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Chandrasekaran College of Arts and Science, Pattukkottai – 614 626, Tamilnadu,, IN

Abstract

The role of aluminium and phosphorus on the secretion of acid phosphatase in the callus culture of Brassia juncea was studied. Callus culture derived from leaves of mustard (Brassica juncea) plants. Proliferated calluses were subjected to P-deficient as well as P-sufficient conditions in the presence and absence of aluminium. The 10 days old calluses were harvested and so the culture medium in which they were cultured, for analysis of acid phosphatase, protein and amino acid content.

Keywords

Tissue Culture, Brassica juncea, Callus.

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R. Malathi ¹, A. Cholarajan ², K. Karpagam ¹, K. R. Jaya ¹, P. Muthukumaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University College (w), Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Chandrasekaran College of Arts and Science, Pattukkottai – 614 626, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Chandrasekaran College of Arts and Science, Pattukkottai – 614 626, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Medicinal plants contribute in human health care system. Most of the plants utilizes by village people as a folk medicine. Now we are turned in to medicinal plant analysis of active compounds and conservation aspect. In the present study we had select the three important medicinal plants. We have collected three medicinally important medicinal plants such as Coleus amboinicus, Phyla nodiflora and Vitex negundo for antimicrobial studies. The experiment carried out in the selected medicinal plants leaves. The results are discussed with the available literature.

Keywords

Antimicrobial Activity, Pathogens, Coleus amboinicus, Phyla Nodiflora and Vitex Negundo.

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R. Malathi ¹, S. Ahamed John ², A. Cholarajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University College (W), Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Chandrasekaran College of Arts and Science, Pattukkottai – 614 626, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Extract from the leaves of Tylophora asthmatica were investigated for antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of T.asthmatica had a DPPH scavenging activity of 84.6% at 250μg/ml and a reductive potential of 0.77 at 100μg/ml. These values were comparable with those of Gallic acid, 91.4% at 250μg/ml and Ascorbic acid, 0.79 at 60μg/ml as standards for DPPH scavenging activity and reductive potential, respectively. These findings suggest that the rich phytochemical content of T.asthmatica and its good antioxidant activity may be responsible for its popular and wide traditional use. The experiment was carried out with the leaves of the selected medicinal plants. The results are discussed with the available literature.

Keywords

Tylophora asthmatica, Antioxidant Activity, Reductive Potential, DPPH.

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R. Malathi ¹, S. Ahamed John ², A. Cholarajan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University College (w), Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy, Tamilnadu, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Chandrasekaran College of Arts and Science, Pattukkottai – 614 626, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Methanolic extract of Tylophora asthmatica leaves were prepared and tested for its antilipidperoxidation effect against acetaminophen induced hepato toxicity in rats. Alteration in the levels of lipid peroxide, iron, ferritin, total cholesterol, total lipid and phospholipids were tested in both experiment and control group of rats. Acetaminophen [1gm/kg] has showed a significant increase [p<0.05] in experimental rats except the level of phospholipids, which showed a significant decrease [p<0.05] compared to control rats. Treatment with methanolic extract of Tylophora asthmatica leaves [200mg/kg] has brought back the altered levels of this parameter to the near normal levels in the dose dependent manner.

Keywords

Acetaminophen, Hepatoprotective, Tylophora asthmatica.

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R. Malathi ¹, B. Shoba ¹, P. Sindhuja ¹, S. Vimala ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641010, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul-624622, IN

Abstract

The leachate is a highly contaminant water hence it needs to be treated. The main aims of this research were to determine the Chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and heavy metals (zinc, chromium, lead, cadmium and nickel) in leachate in landfill area. The pollutants were analyzed using coagulation and flocculation process. The coagulants used were the aluminum sulphate (alum) and ferric chloride. The jar test apparatus were employed for the removal of pollutants. The experiments were carried out by varying the dosage of coagulants. The optimum pH level and the dosage level are also found as 8.5 and 3 g/l for ferric chloride and for alum 10.5 and 1.5 g/l. The alum is found to be efficient in the removal of heavy metals and ferric chloride for COD.

Keywords

Leachate, Coagulation-Flocculation, COD, Heavy Metals, Alum, Ferric Chloride.

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