Informatics Publishing Limited

Rohit Vaid ¹, Kaushik Adhikary ¹, Rajinder Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of CSE, MMU, Mullana, IN
2 Cyber Security Research Centre, PEC, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the security sublayer basically used to provide privacy, authentication or confidentiality. WiMAX is the emerging solution in the market to replace DSL/fibre cable to provide backhaul connectivity to wifi hotspots in cheaper rate, but the demand of security is increased. This paper analyze the IEEE 802.16 standard, to investigate various vulnerabilities and to propose possible solutions to improve the security of Privacy Key Management protocol. We found out various attacks of bandwidth request messages,which arise question to home user for the use of WiMAX. We have proposed a new method to authenticate band width request message. The results that we have obtained after implementing the new authentication method is shown in the end of this paper.

Keywords

Authentication Key, EAP, PKM, SAID, WiMAX.

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Neetu Choudhary ¹, Shahid Ul Islam ², P. J. Philip ³, Rajinder Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab, IN
2 School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144411, Punjab-144411, IN
3 Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, NIT Kurukshetra - 136119, Haryana, IN
4 Department of Management, NIT Kurukshetra - 136119, Haryana,, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: To explore the relationship between green manufacturing dimensions and ecologically conscious consumer behavior in electronics sector moreover to study the difference of demographic variables while exhibiting Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior (ECCB) towards purchase. Methods/Analysis: A sample comprised of 342 consumers from north India. Correlation and multiple regression are performed to find the significant relationship between green manufacturing dimensions and ECCB dimensions. Besides, to explore the association between demographic and carrier variables and ECCB while taking decision towards purchasing green electronics products. Findings: Results showed that there is significant relationship between green manufacturing and ECCB. Besides, age, education, income of the respondents are significant factors found across the sample which influence consumers’ ECCB towards purchasing green electronics products. Applications/Improvements: The theoretical and operational implications of the results are discussed in the paper. The study is limited to the perception of electronics product consumers from north India.

Keywords

Consumer Decisions, Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior, Green Products

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Rajinder Kumar ¹, Dinesh Badiyala ¹, Neelam Sharma ¹, S. S. Rana ¹, Pawan Pathania ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Forages and Grassland Management, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken in an ongoing experiment on maize-pea cropping system to study the effect of weed control methods on population of soil beneficial bacteria such as Azotobacter, Phosphate solublising microorganisms, basal soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon after the harvest of maize crop over a period of three years from 2010 to 2012. In maize, there were five weed control treatments viz. weedy check; mechanical weedings; atrazine 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence; atrazine 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence; atrazine 0.75 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha) and in pea there were four treatments viz, weedy check; mechanical weeding; pendimethalin 1.0/1.25 kg/ha pre- emergence; pedimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding. Weed control treatments in maize resulted in significant variation in the count of Azotobacter and phosphate solublizing microorganisms. Population of Azotobacter was significantly higher under pre-emergence application of atrazine 1.50 kg/ha (14.93x10⁴ cfu/g dry soil), mechanical weeding (14.46x10⁴ cfu/g dry soil), and atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D 0.5 kg/ha (13.70x10⁴ cfu/g dry soil) over atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb hand weeding. Atrazine 1.50 kg/ha and atrazine 1.0 kg/ha fb. 2,4-D resulted in significantly higher count of phosphate solublizing microorganisms over mechanical weeding. Weed control in maize also did not show any significant influence in soil pH, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and basal soil respiration. Weed control treatment in pea gave significant variation in count of Azotobacter, phosphate solublising microorganisms, basal soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon. Population of Azotobacter was highest under mechanical weeding. Pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding had lower population than mechanical weeding. The population of phosphate solublizing microorganisms was significantly higher under pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding over mechanical weeding alone. Weed control treatments applied in pea did not significantly influence the count of Azospirillum, pH, and organic carbon after the harvest of maize. Pendimethalin 1.20 kg/ha and pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha fb mechanical weeding had higher microbial biomass carbon over mechanical weeding alone. Pendimethalin had significant decrease in soil respiration after the harvest of maize which is an important indicator of soil biological health.

Keywords

Azotobacter, Maize-Pea Cropping System, Microbiological Properties, Weed Control Methods.

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Virender Singh ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, Krishan Yadav ¹, Rajinder Kumar ², Anil Malik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Assistant Librarian, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted inYamunanagar district of Haryana. This area was selected purposely because of maximum area under mango fruit crops. Further two blocks, Chhachhrauli and Jagadhari were selected purposively from Yamunanagar district and from each block two villages were selected randomly and thereby a total number of four villages was selected for data collection. Thirty mango grower farmers were selected randomly from each village for the study and thus, a total number of 120 farmers were interviewed. The specific objectives of the present study were socio-economic status, knowledge, adoption and the constraints in adoption of post-harvest management practices by mango growers. The data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule..Twelve important independent variables such as age, education, socio-economic status, caste, family size, occupation of respondents, annual income, land holdings, farm implements, mass media exposure, extension contacts, and irrigation facilities were selected for the study. The study revealed that majority o f the farmers were middle aged and belonged to general caste, more than half of the respondents were educated matric to graduate and one-third of respondents had family members up to 5. Most of them were engaged in farming and nearly two-third per cent of the respondents had annual income above Rs. 1 lakh. More than half of the farmers belonged to medium to high level of socio-economic status. Majority of the farmers belonged to low to medium level of mass media and extension contacts. More than half of the farmers used tube well as source of irrigation.

Keywords

Mango, Cultivation, Orchards, Respondents, Mango Grower.

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Virender Singh ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, Krishan Yadav ¹, Rajesh Kumar ², Anil Malik ¹, Rajinder Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 ATP O/o ADP, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) is known as king of fruits. It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and genus Mangifera. In Haryana, the maximum area under mango cultivation is in Yamunanagar district with 5419 hectare followed by Ambala, Panchkula, andKamal. The production of mango in Yamunanagar is 60.02 thousand MT. The present study was conducted in Yamunanagar district of Haryana. This area was selected purposely because of maximum area under mango fruit crops. Further two blocks, Chhachhrauli and Jagadhari were selected purposively from Yamunanagar district and from each block two villages were selected randomly and thereby a total number of four villages was selected for data collection. Thirty mango grower farmers were selected randomly from each village for the study and thus, a total number of 120 farmers were interviewed. The specific objectives ofthe present study were socio-economic status, knowledge, adoption and the constraints in adoption of post-harvest management practices by mango growers. The data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule..Twelve important independent variables such as age, education, socio-economic status, caste, family size, occupation of respondents, annual income, land holdings, farm implements, mass media exposure, extension contacts, and irrigation facilities were selected for the study. The study revealed that majority of the farmers were middle aged and belonged to general caste, more than ha lf of the respondents were educated matric to graduate and one-third of respondents had family members up to 5. Most of them were engaged in farming and nearly two-third per cent of the respondents had annual income above Rs. 1 lakh. More than h a lf of the farmers belonged to medium to high level of socio-economic status. Majority ofthe farmers belonged to low to medium level of mass media and extension contacts. More than half of the farmers used tube well as source of irrigation.

Keywords

Adoption, Constraints, Respondents, Mango Grower, Marketing, Production.

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Rajinder Kumar ¹, Sonia Khan ²

Affiliations
1 Research Scholar, Institute of Vocational (Tourism) Studies, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN
2 Institute of Vocational (Tourism) Studies, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

In the present time, tourism education has become a highly demanded discipline as a professionally-oriented course. The aim of this work is to determine the status of tourism education in India and to find out the lacuna between tourism educations, and the essential skills/ knowledge required by tourism industry from tourism graduates. This study attempts to investigate the perception of both ‘tourism academicians’ and ‘industry professionals’ about the nature of tourism education in India and assess if they feel same or differently about the quality of tourism education being imparted in the country. The study is based on a questionnaire survey conducted on 129 academic respondents and 129 travel trade professionals. The results suggest that as per academic respondents, the tourism institutions are providing ‘moderate’ tourism education. However, the industry professionals are of an opposite view and believe that amongst tourism graduates being produced, there is a ‘considerable lack in knowledge and skills’ required by the industry. The study suggests that tourism education in India can be strengthened through integration between the tourism course curriculum and required orientation in skill enhancement as desired by the industry. Since tourism is one of the keystone in generating revenue and employment, the industry requires a good number of graduates with significant academic merit and requisite trade skills to solve tourism management problems and run the industry. The areas identified for improvement in tourism education include, introduction of specialization courses in tourism and hospitality, improving digital skills, communication skills and strengthening of linkages of academia-industry collaboration among others. The study also suggests that the creation of an Indian Tourism Service (ITS) Cadre, on the lines of Administrative Services, catalyst to enhance the quality of tourism education being provided by institutions..

Keywords

Tourism Education, Essential Skills, Supply-demand Gap

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