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Ram Kumar ¹, M. M. Syamal ², S. V. Dwivedi ¹, R. K. Anand ¹, Vishwa Nath ³

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonbhadra, Mirzapur U.P., IN
2 Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi U.P., IN
3 Department of Horticulture, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri U.P., IN

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted on different genotypes of aonla to assess the variability in physico-chemical properties of fruits. These plant were planted in the campus of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and four replications. The observations recorded during experiment showed that genotype 6 and 7 were found most superior, in terms of physic- chemical properties of fruits. The maximum pulp content (88.25%), pulp: stone ratio (8.24) and ascorbic acid content (679.25 mg/ 100g) was recorded in genotype 7. Where as, highest TSS (12.18%), lowest acidity (1.80%) and maximum sugar (3.50%, 2.50% and 6.0% reducing, non-reducing and total sugar, respectively) was found in genotype 6.

Keywords

emblica Officinalis, Genotypes , Physico-chemical Properties, Variability

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Ram Kumar ¹, Sulaxna Sharma ², Awanish Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Graphic Era University, Dehradun - 248002, Uttarakhand, IN
2 Department of AS and H, THDC, IHET, Tehri - 249124, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To acquire more production and better quality of paper. The pulp and paper mill digesters are currently operated at increased temperature and sulfidity which results from increase in uniform and localized type of corrosion attacks on digester materials. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The current study intends to search corrosion protection mechanism in non-conventional (inclusion of 2.5gpl of each synthesized Al₂O₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles into acidic EL Ni-P matrix, 2 hr constant stirring, temperature range 85 to 900C)alternate materials with liquor composition, concentration, and operating parameters. The NiPAZr(MS-Ni-P-Al₂O₂-ZrO₂) nanocomposite coatings were deposited on mild steel (MS)substrate by electroless (EL) technique. To carry out an in-plant test, the coupons of conventional material (mild steel, MS) and non-conventional materials (NiPAZr as-plated and NiPAZr heat treated at 3800C) were exposed in mid part (near strainer) of 2^nd batch digester of SPML (U.P., India) for six months duration. The exposed corroded coupons after removal from the digester were cleaned mechanically and chemically (ASTM specifications) and analyzed for uniform and pitting type corrosion attack. Findings: From corrosion point among all the coupons, it is concluded that mild steel (MS)coupon experiences the highest corrosion attack while NiPAZr (as-plated and heat treated) coated coupon slow corrosion attack. The mid part of the digester where the test rack was fitted is mainly affected due to general and pitting corrosion. Therefore, this in-plant test suggests that in applied conditions, it would be better to construct/fabricate the mid part of the digester with EL NiPAZr nano-composite (as-plated or heat treated at 3800C) coatings. These EL nano-composite coatings can be a cost effective option in contrast to conventional materials (MS, SS304L, SS316L and SS2205 etc.) for the paper industrialist to construct/fabricate especially mid part of the digester. Application/ Improvement: For making/fabrication mid part of the digesters these nano-composite coatings can be a cost effective option in comparison to conventional materials as well as can be applied up to very high-temperature range

Keywords

Corrosion, Digester, Electroless Technique, In-Plant Test, Nano-composite Coatings.

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Maya Ram Atal ¹, Roohi Ali ¹, Ram Kumar ¹, Rajendra Kumar Malviya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Application, Government Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal, IN

Abstract

Search engines are in performance a major essential role in discovering information nowadays. Due to limitations of network bandwidth and hardware, search engines cannot obtain the entire information of the web and have to download the most essential pages first.

In these paper, we propose a swarming ordering strategy, which have based on SiteRank, and compare it with several swarming ordering strategies. All the four strategies make an optimization for the naive swarming more or less. At the beginning of the swarming process, all the strategies can crawl the pages with high PageRank. When downloading 48% of the pages, the sum of PageRank is over 58% even for the worst one. At the later phase of swarming, the sum of PageRank varies slowly and reaches to unique finally. The objective of these strategies is to download the most essential pages early during the crawl. Experimental results indicate that SiteRank-based strategy can work Efficiently in discovering essential pages under the PageRank evaluation of page quality.

Keywords

Web Crawler, Swarming Ordering Strategy, Web Page Importance, Siterank.

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Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Roorke University, Roorkee, IN

Abstract

Agarwal in 1950 introduced a generalized Hankel-transform and obtained certain inversion formulae (1950, 1953) and the fundamental properties (1951) for it.

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Ram Kumar ¹, Poonam Tandon ², P. S. Patil ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Physics, BSNV PG College, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226001, IN
2 Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, IN
3 Department of Studies in Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, IN

Abstract

The quantum chemical computations using the density functional theory have been performed in order to investigate linear and nonlinear optical properties of 1,3-Bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one. The NLO response on the electronic structure of the molecule is studied. Energy band gap of the molecule is obtained using Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) energy and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular (LUMO) energy and is found to be 3.7952 eV. The effect of substitution of methoxy group to the ortho and para position of the rings are studied and the structure and the nonlinear optical response have been analyzed and compared with the other chalcone derivatives. Low energy band gap and planer structure suggest easy charge transfer within the molecule and hence a potential candidate for nonlinear optical response.

Keywords

DFT, Non-Linear Optical Material, Hyperpolarizability, Energy Gap, Homo-Lumo.

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Ram Kumar ¹, Deep Narayan Prasad ¹, Vadamalai Elangovan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The reproductive behaviour of Indian flying fox, Pteropus giganteus was observed at a maternity colony situated in Ambedkar Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The behavioural activities of P. giganteusat pre- and post-copulation period was observed. The bats were actively involved in copulation form July to November, however the frequency of copulation was higher during September. Although, bats were engaged on reproductive activities over the day but intensive copulation was observed during the forenoon than afternoonhours. The bats chosen the peripheral and open canopies for copulation than leafy and dense area. The male individuals consistently courted the females by stretching their wings, licking vulva and producing vocal sounds. The observation on vulva licking showed a significant relationship with duration and frequency of copulation. Hence, the finding of this study may use substantially in further studies with reference to reproductive aspects of bats biology.

Keywords

Copulatory Behaviour, Pteropus giganteus, Reproductive Season, Roost Site Selection.

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Kewat ¹, Pramod Kumar ¹, Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Let q be a prime power and F_q be a finite field with q elements. Let e and d be positive integers. In this paper, for d ≥ 2 and q ≡ 1(mod ed(d − 1)), we calculate the number of points on an algebraic curve E_e,d : y^e = x^d + ax + b over a finite field Fq in terms of d F_d-1 Gaussian hypergeometric series with multiplicative characters of orders d and e(d − 1), and in terms of _d-1F_d-2 Gaussian hypergeometric series with multiplicative characters of orders ed(d − 1) and e(d − 1). This helps us to express the trace of Frobenius endomorphism of an algebraic curve E_e,d over a finite field F_q in terms of above hypergeometric series. As applications, we obtain some transformations and special values of ₂F₁ hypergeometric series.

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Ram Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125, Samastipur, Bihar, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vitella (F.). Out of nine insecticides, profenophos 50EC @ 500g a.i./ ha at fortnightly interval was found to the best giving maximum protection (2.55% shoot and 5.69% fruit damage) followed by spinosad 45SC @ 50g a.i./ ha and thiamethoxam 25WG @ 25g a.i./ ha. Amongst the botanicals used, Yam Bean Seed Extract- YBSE (5%) was found to be better. Application of profenophos 50EC (@ 500 g a.i./ha) led to maximum fruit yield (152.9 q/ ha) while the neem oil 3% yielded the least (131.1 q/ ha). Among the plant products, YBSE (5%) yielded maximum (136.2 q/ ha). The benefit-cost ratio was at its maximum (12.78:1) with profenophos 50EC, and it was closely followed by acetamiprid 20SP (11.57:1) and thiamethoxam 25WG (10.11:1).

 

Keywords

Earias vitella, spinosad, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, deltamethrin, profenophos, neem oil, yam  bean seed extract, neem seed kernel extract, benefit cost ratio, shoot damage, fruit damage

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Ram Kumar ¹, P. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tirhut College Agriculture Dholi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) during kharif 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on okra. The results revealed that thiamethoxam 25WG @ 25 g a.i./ ha after three applications, at 15 days interval gave maximum reduction of incidence (0.50/ 3 leaves). The next effective ones were acetamiprid 20SP 20 g a.i./ ha and profenophos 50EC 500 g a.i./ ha which was at par with thiamethoxam 25WG @ 25g a.i./ ha. Among the botanicals, the yam bean seed extract (YBSE) 5% was superior followed by neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% and neem oil 3%.

Keywords

Efficacy, Insecticides, Okra, Bemisia tabaci, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Profenophos, Spinosad, Deltamethrin, Neem Oil, YBSE and NSKE.

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Ram Kumar ¹, P. P. Singh ¹, C. R. Kumbhar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, IN

Abstract

This study evaluates the effect of maize, sorghum and cowpea as intercrops with okra (at ratio of main: intercrop- of 1:1 and 2:1) against okra shoot and fruit borer Earias spp. incidence. The results revealed that the least shoot damage (5.00%) was observed with okra + cowpea (1:1) intercropping followed by okra + cowpea (2:1) and okra + sorghum (1:1). Maximum shoot damage (6.65%) was registered in okra + maize (2:1) as against mono-cropping (7.69%). Similarly, the least fruit damage (12.25%) was in okra + cowpea (1:1) crop statistically on par with that of okra + cowpea (2:1), okra + sorghum (1:1) and okra + sorghum (2:1); maximum (16.41%) was observed with okra + maize (2:1) and okra as a sole crop (18.42%). The okra + cowpea (1:1) recorded the maximum land equivalent ratio (1.31) followed by okra + cowpea 1.20 at 2:1 and okra+ sorghum 1.19 at 1:1 crop ratio. Okra intercropped with maize (2:1) was found less effective (0.99) than the okra sole. The maximum okra equivalent yield (111.4 q/ha) was obtained with okra + cowpea intercropping (1:1), while the least (100.9 q/ha) was in okra + maize (2:1).

Keywords

Okra, Eariasspp. Intercrop, Incidence, Shoot And Fruit Damage, Cowpea, Sorghum, Maize, Monocropping, Yield, Okra Equivalent Yield, Land Equivalent Ratio.

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