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Ramesh Verma ¹, Meena ¹, Pardeep Khanna ¹, Varun ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

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Ramesh Verma ¹, Neelam Kumar ², Raj Kumar ³, Varun Arora ⁴, Sat Pal ⁵

Affiliations
1 Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIR, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
3 Department of IMSAR Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Meenakshi Kharb BAMS, MBA, Rohtak, IN
5 Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

To evaluate the utilization of health care services provided under ESI scheme. Cross-sectional, descriptive. ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak. Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Insured Persons. Out of total 500 participants, 418(83.6%) subjects were utilizing and rest 82(16.4%) were not utilizing ESI health care services. Among utilizing 418 (83.5%) participants, 391 (93.5%) insured persons were males and 27(6.5%) were females while among non-utilizing, 82 (6.5%), 78 (95.1%) insured were males and 4(4.9%) were females. The R value is 0.804 and adjusted R square is 0.630 meaning thereby 63% utilization of health care services at ESI dispensary is due to variables age, caste, literacy status, income, marital status, family members of study participants, knowledge about location of ESI, duration of insurance under ESI scheme, contribution deducted under ESI scheme, OPD timings, health care facility at ESI, distance of ESI-HCF from their residence, behavior of doctor, waiting time for registration and getting treatment, average time spent in ESI dispensary during treatment, satisfied with doctor's treatment and overall satisfaction with ESI services. The value of Durbin-Watson test is <2 which proves that there is no co-linearity among independent variables. Utilization of health care services is determined to a large extent by their availability and accessibility. Distance from the health care facility plays significant role in service utilization. Patients' satisfaction is not necessarily the main criterion by which primary care services should be judged, but the attitudes of the consumers of health care play important role which must be considered in evaluating services.

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Ramesh Verma ¹, Neelam Kumar ², Raj Kumar ³, Varun Arora ², Meenakshi Kharb ⁴, Suman Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre, CHC CHIRI Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIRI, Rohtak, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
3 Department of Institute of Management Studies And Research (IMSAR), Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IN
4 BAMS, MBA, Rohtak, IN
5 Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

What are the Effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. To determine effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. Cross-sectional, descriptive ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Study participants The study population comprised of 500 persons [66.8% males and 33.2%females]. Maximum number of study participants (37.4%) were in the 30-39 years age group followed by 30.6% were in the age group of 20-29 years. Around one third (27%) study participants were dissatisfied with quality of health care services provided under ESI scheme. The study also revealed the reasons for dissatisfaction and most common reasons were found not good quality medicines (52.59%) and complete medicines (41.48%). There is need to strengthen the quality of health care service at ESI dispensary.

Keywords

ESI Health Care Services,patient's Satisfaction

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Ramesh Verma ¹, Alok Khanna ², Mukesh Dhankar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Pediatric, Pt. B. D. Sharma Pgims, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. The 12 Five Year Plan, which would be implemented across the country during 2012-13 to 2016-17, offers a significant opportunity to the government in our country for radically improving the approach towards public provisioning for socioeconomic development. Like the previous Five Year Plans, the next Plan too would have a larger vision, policies, priorities and strategies; but the medium for translating most of those ideas envisaged by the Planning Commission for the 12th Plan would be several health development schemes. Most of the issues pertaining to public health have been acknowledged by the policy makers and influenced to some extent the formulation process of the 12th Five Year Plan. It is commendable in this regard that the 12th Plan recognizes the need to provide comprehensive healthcare with greater emphasis on communicable diseases and preventive healthcare, need for up-gradation of rural healthcare services to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) with districts as the units for planning, training and service provisioning.

Keywords

Five Year Plan, Health, Man power, Infrastructure, Programme

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Avneet Singh ¹, Ramesh Verma ², Pardeep Khanna ², Suraj Chawla ², Shankar Prinja ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine CMC, Ludhiana, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 School of Public Health PGIMER, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are potentially exposed to blood and body fluids (BBF) in the course of their work and therefore are at risk of infection with blood-borne pathogens, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses. Worldwide, three million HCWs experience percutaneous exposure to blood-borne viruses each year (two million hepatitis B, 900,000 hepatitis C and 300,000 human immunodeficiency virus). Exposure to BBF can occur through: percutaneous injury (needle-stick injury, NSI) or mucocutaneous incident (BBF splash), to assess the knowledge, risk perception and compliance with universal precautions among health care functionaries. Cross sectional type. Rural block Ben of Jhajjar district. 118 government health functionaries. Government health functionaries. The study was a cross sectional type and earned out in a rural block Bert of Jhajjar district. The present study shows about one third (37.4%) health functionaries in health the centres were multipurpose health worker (female), while 14.7% were medical officers. The present study recorded maximum compliance with universal precautions was no needle recap among 90.5% doctors while same compliance among no needle recaps among 79.4% paramedical staffs. Although compliance with universal precautions for correct disposal among doctors was 80.9% while compliance with universal precautions for correct disposal was 35.4% among paramedical staffs. The study concluded that there should be education and training of health care personnel to develop awareness of the health, safety and environmental issues relating to health care waste and how these can affect employees in their daily work must become a routine and regular activity

Keywords

Knowledge, Risk Perception, Health, Functionaries.

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Avneet Singh ¹, Ramesh Verma ¹, Suraj Chawla ¹, Shankar Prinja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Pt.B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
2 School of Public Health, PGIMER, Chandigarh, IN

Abstract

Domestic cooking is an important duty of an average Indian housewife. On an average, an Indian woman spends about four to six hours daily for cooking. Mainly four different types of cooking fuels are used in this country: biomass fuel (Wood, Cow-dung cake, agricultural waste, coal etc.); liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); kerosene and a mixture of these.To assess the morbidity among female. Cross sectional type Rural block Ben of Jhajjar district. 500 female. Housewife. The study was a cross sectional type and carried out ma rural block Ben of jhajjar district. The present study shows that maximum female 272 (54.4%) were using mixture of LPG and biomass fuel followed by 178 (35.6%) using biomass fuels and 50 (10%) using stoves. The study revealed that the maximum female were 184 (36.8%) complaining of cough followed by difficulty in breathing 108 (21.6%), 13.6% female had GIT problems. There is a strong correlation between using biomass fuel and respiratory diseases, suggesting that the use of biomass fuel indeed be a culprit behind these high levels of respiratory diseases. The present study has confirmed that biomass fuel exposure is a principal risk factor in the causation of lung diseases among women. Better-ventilated kitchens, smokeless chimneys and use of alternate fuels like LPG should be emphasized as a measure to lessen the risk of respiratory diseases to lndian women.

Keywords

Indoor Pollution, Females, Rural Block.

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Varan Arora ¹, Pardeep Khanna ¹, Ramesh Verma ¹, S. L. Arora ², Ramesh Verma ³, Sat Pal ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Pt.B.D. Sharma PGIMS,Rohtak, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Drawing, Aravali College of Engineering and Management, Faridabad, IN
3 CHC Chiri, Haryana Civil Medical Services, IN
4 Department of Physiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

Over the past two decades, health care waste has been identified as one of the major problems that have negative impact on both human health and environment. Information on generation rate provides a basis for the design of an operation, control programs, recycling and processing plants, wastes disposal projects and the choice of most effective disposal alternative. The objective of the study was to study Generation, Quantification and Composition of Biomedical Waste generated in hospitals in Faridabad Dist.of Haryana. The study was conducted from Feb 2006 to Jan 2007.There were more than 234 clinics/hospitals (Registered with Faridabad Pollution Board) and having more than 2400 beds in Faridabad hospitals. Data of various health care units was collected from an authorized private company collected waste generated at hospitals daily&from Haryana Pollution Control Board Faridabad (HPCBF). Field observation and surveys were conducted to analyze segregation of waste. Waste generated by different hospitals at Faridabad is different, varying from 1.17 kg/bed/day to 2.20 kg/bed/day. Infectious waste is 14% to 23.3 % of the total hospital waste. Non-infectious waste increases almost linear with infectious waste, and there is strong correlation between these two types of waste, with coefficient of correlation as 0.79. The generation rate of hospital waste varies with the bed occupancy rate. Private hospitals produce more hospital waste as compared to Govt, hospitals. Waste generation depends on various factors such as type of health care establishment, hospital specialties, proportion of reusable and disposal items, implementation of national and hospital waste management policy. Biomedical waste management regulations need to be implemented strictly so that appropriate and uniform disposal of Hospital waste is ensured.

Keywords

Biomedical Waste, Generation, Quantification, Composition.

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Varun Arora ¹, Tarun ², Ramesh Verma ³, Swati Arora ⁴, Meenakshi Kharb ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of General Medicine, B.P.S.G.M.C.(W), Khanpur Kalan, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, IN
4 P.G.T. Computer Science, Pathania Public School, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
5 Q.M.O., NHM, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, long considered a disease of minor significance to world health is now taking its place as one of the main threat to human health in 21st century. A sizeable proportion of diabetes mellitus cases are undiagnosed& have a poor health seeking behaviour. The objective of the study was to assess Health seeking behavior of known type II diabetics in Urban Population of Rohtak. This Community based study was conducted in Urban field practice area attached to Dept. of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. All the study subjects diagnosed with type II (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus attending the urban health centres during July -December 2013 were enrolled for the study. After receiving their verbal informed consent, the patients were interviewed by employing a pretested semi-structured questionnaire that contained details about epidemiological data and health seeking behaviour of the patients. The study variables were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Out of 92 known type II diabetics, 78 consented to participate in the study. Less then half (46.2%) were receiving regular treatment. Maximum (65.4%) patients sought treatment from private practitioners. 92.3% of known diabetics resorted to dietary treatment. 88.46% were receiving drugs and 19.23% received treatment in form of injectables. Belief (73.07%) and accessisibility (53.84%) were the major reason for deciding medical aid in chronic condition like diabetes mellitus. Study highlights the need for a community based education programme to emphasize the need for life style modifications and regularity of treatment.

Keywords

Health Seeking Behavior, Diabetics, Urban Population.

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Tarun ¹, Ramesh Verma ¹, Varun Arora ², Manish Sharma , Shalini Singh , Amit Arya ³

Affiliations
1 Department of General Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 HCMS, IN

Abstract

In several ethnic populations including the relatively non-obese Indian population, the android pattern of body fat, typified by more upper body adiposity measured as waist hip ratio (WHR) was found to be a greater risk factor for type 2 diabetes than general obesity which is calculated by BMI. Various studies have shown that central obesity is common in Indians despite low rates of obesity. This is probably one of the reasons for a higher prevalence of diabetes in urban area To study the Anthropometric Indices & their relationship with diabetes in urban population of Rohtak, Haryana. Population based descriptive type of epidemiological study, design adopted was cross-sectional. Urban field practice area with population of 57000, attached to Dept. of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak. 1003 subjects were selected using simple random sampling through random number table. Various anthropometric indices estimated were Weight, Height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio, Waist Height Ratio. Fasting Blood Glucose estimation was done for detection of Diabetes using ADA criteria. ANOVA, chi square test, percentages & proportions. Out of 1003 study subjects, 81 were detected as diabetics & 103 were diagnosed as pre-diabetics. Mean weight of diabetics and pre diabetics was 65.77±12.94 kg and66±13.64kg, respectively which was significantly higher than that of non-diabetics 59.59±13.64kg (p < 0.001) implying a strong association of obesity with diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) was high in diabetics (26.11±4.31) as well as pre diabetics (25.68±4.98), classifying them as overweight as compared to normal BMI (22.99±4.20) in non-diabetics. (p< 0.001). Waist hip ratio was highest in diabetics (0.95±0.057) followed by in pre diabetics (0.92±0.069) and was least in non-diabetics (0.89±0.079). (p< 0.001)

Keywords

Anthropometric Indices, Diabetes.

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Bhanwar Singh ¹, B. M. Vashisht ¹, Pardeep Khanna ¹, Meely Panda ¹, Meenakshi Kalhan ¹, Ramesh Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries. In India, the concept of personal hygiene is intermixed with several ritual ideas and traditions. However, it needs to be practiced properly by individuals alone who assume personal responsibility. There should be a motto to guide every one to follow and practice that 'cleanliness is next to godliness', which is taught to a child even from primary school days. Good personal hygiene usually means those measures a person takes to keep his skin and its appendages such as his hair, finger nails and toe nails and his teeth and mouth clean and in good condition This study was undertaken among 269 students of 5th to 12th classes. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of hygiene among rural school children in Chiri block of Haryana and assessed the extent to which proper knowledge of hygiene was associated with personal hygiene characteristics. Approximately 52% of students were found as having adequate knowledge of proper hygiene. Most students reported hand washing before meals (89.0%), but only 36.2% reported using soap. Although 76.7% of students reported that washing hands after defecation was important, only 14.8% reported actually following this practice. Study findings underscore the need for more hand washing and hygiene education in schools; and provide objective evidence that may guide the development of comprehensive health and hygiene intervention programs in rural schools. Successful implementation of these programs is likely to substantially attenuate the transmissible disease burden borne by school children in rural settings.

Keywords

Hygiene, Hand Washing, School Children, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices.

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