Informatics Publishing Limited

Ravish Garg ¹, R. P. Chauhan ², Dinesh Kumar ³, S. K. Chakarvarti ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, GJUS&T, Hisar, IN
2 Department of Physics, NIT, Kurukshetra, IN
3 Department of Electronic Science, K U Kurukshetra, IN
4 Manav Rachna International University, MRIU, Faridabad, IN

Abstract

Ionic size of electrolyte is an important factor in transport phenomena through porous track etch membranes (TEMs) and affects the various applications like membrane separations, drug delivery, and cell size determination etc., based on separation and transport processes. Therefore, a better understanding of transport mechanism through TEMs is required for new applications in various thrust areas. Ion transport studies of electrolytic solutions through etched cylindrical pores of few nm diameters have been carried out using an electrochemical cell. In this technique, the etched filter is sandwiched between two compartments in electrochemical cell in such a way that the etched filter acts as a membrane separating the cell into two chambers. The two chambers are then filled with desired electrolyte solution whose transport is to be measured. Different electrolytic ionic solutions with different concentrations have been chosen for conduction measurements through etched pores. The current voltage characteristics have been drawn by stepping the voltage between -10 to +10 V. The results indicate that rate of ion transport through cylindrical pores is influenced by size of cations and independent of the size of anions. Effect of concentration on ion transport has also been studied which indicates that ion transport increases with increase in concentration.

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Kapil Dev ¹, G. S. Sharma ¹, R. S. Saini ², R. P. Chauhan ³, S. K. Chakarvarti ³, Ravish Garg ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of physics, B S A college Mathura U.P., IN
2 Department of physics, University college, Kurukshetra, IN
3 Department of applied physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, IN
4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, GJUST, Hisar, IN

Abstract

Natural materials such as sand, soil, stone, marbles, granites etc. containing traces of natural radioactivity of uranium 238U, radium 226Ra and potassium 40K could be used as building materials for construction of houses and buildings. These materials are the main sources of radon inside houses and which are mostly derived from rocks as a part of earth's crust. It has been known that some construction materials are naturally more radioactive and removal of such materials from earth's crust and their subsequent use in dwellings constitute an enhanced level of radioactivity. In the present investigation, radon concentration and exhalation rate through different marbles and granites has been estimated. Can technique using LR-115 type II plastic track detector has been used for measurements. After chemical etching track density of registered tracks is used to calculate the radon concentration and exhalation rates of radon using required formula. The radon concentration in marble samples varied from 612 Bq m-3 to 1180 Bq m-3 with an average of 841 ±51.4 Bq m-3 whereas it varied from 787 Bq m-3 to 1749 Bq m-3 in granite with an average of 1377 ± 129 Bq m-3. Based upon the data, the mass and the surface exhalation rates of radon emanated from them have also been calculated. Conclusion: The measurements indicate that radon concentration is higher in graphite than marble which is normal to some higher levels of radon concentration emanated from the samples collected from local market of Sirsa India.

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