Informatics Publishing Limited

Amandeep Kaur ¹, Reecha Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Image fusion is a technique that extracts relevant information from two or more source images into single scene. It serve best in wide spectrum of applications i.e. medical diagnosis (Magnetic resonance image (MRI), Computed tomography (CT)), remote sensing, computer vision, robotics, microscopic imaging and to improve Enhanced Fight Vision System (EFVS), so it has been receiving attention of researchers. Image fusion is a new technique which can preserve important information and reduce amount of data for the purpose of human/ machine perception. This paper has been present literature review on various fusion techniques like principal component analysis, Wavelet transform and Laplacian pyramid and comparison of these techniques helps in selecting techniques in future research work.

Keywords

Image Fusion, Image Fusion Techniques, Wavelet Transform.

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Gurwinder Kaur ¹, Reecha Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

For transport planning and engineering systems, the Automated Licensed Number plate Recognition (ALNPR) can provide a valuable data source. From the different survey points the multiple tasks can be handled by ALNPR systems. The captured image of the vehicle licensed number plate, the registration number plate location and recognition can be analyzed by the Automated Licensed Number Plates based system. The parameters of the ALNPR systems are affected by the different problems observed while implementing this system by using techniques which are used for number plate detection and character recognition. The detection from the deviation between crossing vehicle and original vehicle number plate was examined. The detection rate cannot be emphasized because it depends on the variable factors like intensity and angle of the sun, low illumination situations, speed of vehicle, deformed or dirty number plates and shading on the characters of the number plate. The performance of the system can also be affected by detection rate of controllable factors like resolution of the camera, camera angle related to horizon, distance between the number plate and camera. Although by passing through all these problems, the authors gave the innovative criteria for the license plate recognition based on neural network, Fuzzy logic, Fourier transform, Genetic algorithms and wavelet theory.

Keywords

Automated Licensed Number Plate Recognition(ALNPR), Character Extraction of License Plate, License Plate Localization, Median Filter, Image Correlation, Image Recognition, Template Matching, License Number Plate Identification, RBF Neural Network, Wavelet Transforms, Ant Colony Algorithm.

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Prateek Sharma ¹, Reecha Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

Detecting objects under the influence of shadows is a difficult in computer vision. Shadows acts as barrier in correcting feature extraction of image features like buildings, towers etc. In urban regions, shadows cause artificial color nature and shape deformation of objects, which degrades the quality of images. In apparent path detection application, strong shadows on the road troubles the detection of the boundary between clear path and obstacles, making clear path detection algorithms less robust. Shadows affect many object detection algorithms. This paper is aimed to provide a survey on methodology and various algorithms and methods of shadow detection and removal.

Keywords

Shadow Detection, Shadow Removal, Computer Vision.

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Ramandeep Kaur ¹, Reecha Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, IN

Abstract

In a wireless network, there is a large number of mobile nodes that share the communication medium. The wireless network employs carrier sense based MAC algorithms such as Carrier Sensing Multiple Access (CSMA) and CSMA with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) for efficient sharing of communication channel. But this method does not solve the problem of hidden nodes. Hidden nodes are those nodes that are out of range of other nodes or a group of nodes. The network throughput reduces because of packet collisions caused by these hidden nodes. To solve hidden node problem, the Request-To-Send (RTS) and Clear-To-Send (CTS) mechanism is widely used in wireless networks for reserving the channel to transmit data from source to destination. This paper is aimed to provide a survey on methodology and various algorithms and methods of implementing RTS/CTS mechanism in wireless networks.

Keywords

RTS/CTS, Collision, Wireless Network, Hidden Nodes, Delay.

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Sukhchain Kaur ¹, Reecha Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Punjabi university, Patiala, IN

Abstract

This paper presents various techniques used for extracting the features of face and fingerprint biometrics. More reliable recognition and performance can be achieved if both face and fingerprint modalities are fused together. The problem in multimodal biometric fusion is that the features of each modality are extracted with different algorithm which makes it difficult to fuse them together. The work presented in this paper focuses on the bimodal biometric system having Gabor filter algorithm for feature extraction as it is capable of extracting the features of both face and fingerprint biometrics. Along with this various techniques used for the fusion of two unimodal modalities have been discussed and it has been found that feature level fusion is best among all as accuracy up to 99.25% can be achieved using Gabor filter. Also the performance characteristics of all the techniques are shown on the basis of FAR (False Acceptance Rate) and FRR (False Rejection Rate) values.

Keywords

PCA (Principal Component Analysis), LDA (Linear Discrminant Analysis), ICA (Independent Component Analysis), OPTA (One Pass Thinning Algorithm), Gabor Filter, FAR and FRR.

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Reecha Sharma ¹, Beant Kaur ¹

Affiliations
1 Punjabi University(UCOE), Patiala, IN

Abstract

Detection of edge is a terminology in image processing and computer vision particularly in the areas of feature detection and extraction to refer to the algorithms which aims at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or more formally has discontinuities. The need of edge detection is to find the discontinuities in depth, discontinuities in surface orientation, changes in material properties and variations in scene illumination. Mathematical morphology is a new technique for edge detection .It is a theory and technique for analysis and processing of geometrical structures, based on set theory. In this paper square type structuring element of different size is implemented on different image. The noise can also be suppressed by mathematical morphology. So by using mathematical morphology the image can be enhanced and the edges can be detected.

Keywords

Mathematical Morphology, Edge Detection, X-Ray Images, Erosion, Dilation.

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