Informatics Publishing Limited

R. K. Singh ¹, S. K. Dubey ², R. P. Singh ³, D. Dasgupta ⁴

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra (JHARKHAND), IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra Jharkhand, IN
3 Department of Extension Education, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IN
4 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia W. B., IN

Abstract

No Abstract

Keywords

Adoption,area Expension, Intervent Technology, OFT, VT

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V. K. Pandey ¹, R. K. Singh ¹, V. P. Rai ¹, D. Oraon ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, U. K. Singh ¹, Z. Alam ¹

Affiliations
1 Birsa Agricultural University, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra Jharkhand, IN

Abstract

Naveen, Baibhav and Local sickles were evaluated for harvesting paddy crop with 20 farm women age 30-50 years (Subjects) at surrounding villages of KVK, Chatra, Jharkhand. The data of improved and Local sickles were compared. During the harvesting session, they spend nearly 7-8 hours daily to perform the activity. The Naveen sickle was the heaviest weight 229g followed by Baibhav and deshi was 202 and 178g, respectively. Deshi sickle was the lightest in weight (178g). Blade of both improved sickles were made up of high carbon steel except for deshi sikcle that was made up of iron. The output was found maximum for Naveen sickle (74.2kg) this sickle resulted 6.9 per cent more ouput over the deshi sickle and also increase area covered 4.7 per cent over the deshi sickle. Average working heart rate (104bpm) and corresponding energy expenditure (7.81kg/min) was found minimum for Naveen sickle. Total cardiac cost of work for all sickles ranged from 840 beats to 1010 beats TCCW for Naveen sickle was 19.38 per cent less over deshi sickle. Therefore, Naveen sickle was suitable for crop harvesting under prevailing bio-physical and social economic condition of Chatra district, Jharkhand

Keywords

Improved Sickles, Women Workers, Heart Rate, Paddy Harvesting

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R. K. Singh ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, R. P. Singh ‘Ratan’ ², D. Dasgupta ³

Affiliations
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra Jharkhand, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi Jharkhand, IN
3 Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishva Vidyalaya, Mohanpur,Nadia W.B., IN

Abstract

Attitudinal and opinion change after involvement under technology assessment and refinement programme was studied in five villages of Karge Panchyat in Mandar Block of Ranchi district in Jharkhand, which revealed that demonstrating and experimenting farmers had relatively higher degree of positive attitude related to intervent technology in comparison to the participating farmers. The independents variables, namely, education, caste, socio-economic status and annual family income had positive and significant correlation with the attitude scores, while age was found to be negatively and significantly correlated. The findings on farmers' opinion on refinement of intervened technologies revealed that the refined technologies were found to be problem-solving, need-based and location-specific which were highly compatible with the farming systems components and household internal resources. Since the technologies were found to be profitable and appropriate for meeting the requirements of household food security they found favours and preferences by the respondents

Keywords

Attitude, Opinion, Technology Assessment

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G. Pranuthi ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, S. K. Tripathi ¹, S. K. Chandniha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, IN

Abstract

Precipitation is the one of the prime indicators of climate change and its aberration causes many extreme events such as floods and droughts. Long-term trends were analyzed as monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall of Haridwar, Dehradun,Udham Singh Nagar, Almora and Nainital using Mann-Kendall and linear regression tests and change point was detected using cumulative deviation and Worsley likelihood statistic. Mann Kendall test revealed that there is significant increase in rainfall only for Haridwar district which has more urbanizing area compared to other districts. Haridwar is the holy place attracting significant floating population from all over the world, especially during festivals and fairs. Anthropogenic activity and industrialization is also the major cause of rainfall trend fluctuation in the Haridwar city. The monthly trend tests show that July rainfall is increasing whereas the December rainfall is decreasing which could be due to the seasonal shift. The start of change in the rainfall trend for the above mentioned districts is observed with distinct difference from 2009 onwards. From this it can be concluded that the stations to the west show significant trends compared to station which is towards east. Monsoon especially in July month a trend of increasing rainfall is observed in the studied Indian cities. The spatial and temporal trends of precipitation are pertinent for the future development and sustainable management of water resources of a given region.

Keywords

Change Point, Mann Kendall Trend, Rainfall, Uttarakhand, Worsely Likelihood Test

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S. Kala ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Chhalesar, Agra -282006, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

No Abstract

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S. K. Dubey ¹, R. R. Burman ², J. P. Sharma ², K. Vijayaragavan ², V. Sangeetha ², Ishwari Singh ², H. S. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Zonal Project Directorate, Zone IV, Rawatpur, Kanpur 208 002, IN
2 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN

Abstract

Action research on validating the linkages with post offices in the dissemination of farm technology was done. Post offices and their personnel (50) at the district, block and villages levels in Sitapur district, Uttar Pradesh, were contacted. Organizational analysis of Indian Postal Department helped identify the scope for entering into linkages for the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. Seeds of improved varieties were disseminated and different possible dissemination modes were experimented. The trend analysis of post office works showed sharp decline (about 50%) in the mail and delivery of ordinary post. Similarly, the sale of postal stamp and revenue stamp had declined to the same extent. The collaborative activities through tie-ups with other agencies like SBI, ICICI, mutual fund agencies, Oriental Insurance, etc. had increased (15-20%), which provided the opportunity for establishing linkages. Up to summer/zaid 2013, more than 1900 farmers under 18 post offices in five states covering 181 villages have been reached through this innovative technology dissemination model. The major crops included in the programme are wheat, paddy, pigeon pea, bajra, mustard, bottle gourd, pumpkin and okra. The farmer-to-farmer diffusion of improved variety of wheat was found to be 32 times of the total area originally covered by seed quantity disseminated through post offices. The cost sharing and capacity building of farmers and post office personnel were the other innovative interventions to make the linkages more successful. Based on the experiences and lessons learnt, future action plans have been suggested.

Keywords

Collaborative Activities, Farm Technology, Post Offices, Variety Dissemination.

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R. N. Kharwar ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, J. Pandey ¹, L. C. Rai ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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A. K. Singh ¹, S. Kala ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, V. C. Pande ², B. K. Rao ², K. K. Sharma ³, K. P. Mahapatra ³

Affiliations
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Chhalesar, Agra 282 006, IN
2 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Vasad 388 306, IN
3 ICAR Research complex for NEH Region, Shillong 793 001, IN

Abstract

The present study evaluated bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) based resource conservation in the Yamuna ravines at Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ravine lands are highly degraded dry lands and 3.97 m ha area is affected by ravines in India. One ravine micro watershed of 2.8 ha area was planted with two rows of bamboo in staggered manner as vegetative barrier for the analysis of hydrological and economic aspect of bamboo plantation. Hydrological results showed that runoff has been reduced from 9.6% to 1.8% and soil loss from 4.2 to 0.6 t/ha/year in the last 4 years. Based on bamboo growth performance, average value of culm height and culm collar diameter have been recorded as 3.80 m and 22.50 mm, the value of average crown size and number of culms per clump being 3.93 m and 18 numbers respectively. Further, the soils under bamboo plants improved in terms of decreased pH and enhanced soil organic carbon. The economic analysis suggested a cash outflow of Rs 48,000 ha^-1 from 7th year onwards to the stakeholders in the region, in addition to the benefits accrued to society at large in terms of value of nutrient (Rs 2125-5555 ha^-1) saved through soil conservation. This study recommends bamboo plantation for productive and protective utilization of such degraded lands. It also suggests that the high cost of establishment for individual stakeholders can be met through subsidies and banks' financial inclusion programme in developing countries such as India. Further, public funding can also be routed through appropriate budgetary provisions in development plans of corporate entities involved in the rural development in the country.

Keywords

Bamboo Plantation, Degraded Land, Economic Analysis, Financial Analysis, Ravines.

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A. K. Singh ¹, S. K. Dubey ², Uma Sah ³, Lakhan Singh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110 001, IN
2 ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Kanpur 208 002, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024, IN
4 Division of HRD and Training, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248 195, IN

Abstract

In developing countries, the major role of agricultural extensions is to disseminate farm technologies developed by the public funded research organizations, through demonstrations, field visits and farmers' meetings or through media and others. Earlier, the extension personnel were involved in technology diffusion, but in the last two decades, the nature of agricultural technology design and integration is drawing attention of the extension professionals and practitioners across the globe. In India, different models for transfer of farm technology have been tested and also robust extension education approaches have been validated. Furthermore, the frontline extension system of the country has been sharpened through more farmer-centric approaches for technology adaptation and dissemination. Globally too, the adjustment in public extension system is seen. Using China and USA as case studies, we highlight the changes the public extension system has undergone. The operational paradigm of the country's extension system has been suggested to move beyond technology and beyond commodity through ensured reciprocal farmer-research-extension linkages.

Keywords

Adaptation, ATMA, Extension Delivery System, Frontline Extension System.

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S. K. Dubey ¹, U. S. Gautam ¹, J. P. Sharma ², A. K. Singh ³, Uma Sah ⁴

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Kanpur 208 002, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024, IN

Abstract

The use of the word 'extension' has its ischolar_main from an educational development in England during the second half of the 19th century. Around 1850, discussions began in the two ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge about how they could serve the educational needs, nearer to learners' homes, of the rapidly growing populations in the industrial urban area. The notion of 'extending' relevant and useful information to the adult population at large, predates the university extension movement for its overt use.

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S. K. Dubey ¹, A. Batra ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Sanjeevan College of Pharmacy, Dausa (Raj.), IN
2 Dept. of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj.), IN

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant (in vitro) and anti-inflammatory (in vivo) activities of ethanol fraction of Thuja occidentalis Linn. (Cupressaceae). 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging and lipid peroxidation were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extract. Anti-inflammatory activity was performed by carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma models. Both the in vitro and in vivo were found significant.

Keywords

Thuja occidentalis, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activity.

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Rakesh Patel ¹, S. K. Dubey ², K. K. Pathak ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, SIRTS, Bhopal 462023, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal 462051, IN
3 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, NITTTR, Bhopal 462002, IN

Abstract

In this paper method of initial functions is used for the study of composite beam of two layers. Composite laminated beams are widely used in many structures, because this concept is very suitable for the development of light weight structures. The equations of two dimensional elasticity have been used for deriving governing equations. No assumptions regarding physical behavior of beams are made. Most of the beam theories which are currently used for analysis involve assumptions regarding the physical behavior of beams. The beam theories which are based on assumptions are of a practical utility in the case of beams of moderate thickness.

Keywords

Composite Beams, Method of Initial Functions, Elasticity Equations, Stresses, Displacements.

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Prakash Panjwani ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Structural Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, MANIT-Bhopal, 462051, IN

Abstract

The beam column joint is the crucial zone in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame. It is subjected to large forces during severe ground shaking and its behaviour has a significant influence on the response of the structure. The assumption of rigid joint fails to consider the effects of high shear forces developed within the joint. The shear failure is always brittle in nature which is not an acceptable structural performance especially in seismic conditions. This paper presents a review of the postulated theories associated with the behaviour of joints. Understanding the joint behaviour is essential in exercising proper judgments in the design of joints. The paper discusses about the seismic actions on various types of joints and highlights the critical parameters that affect joint performance with special reference to bond and shear transfer.

Keywords

Beam Column Joint, Moment Resisting Frame, Rigid Joint, Shear Failure, Seismic Actions, Shear Transfer.

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Adil Amaan ¹, S. K. Dubey ¹, Chirag Vij ², S. K. Bhardwaj ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, DITMR, MD University, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Vehicles with SI engines are provided with carburettor for fuel air mixture supply. Fuel consumption affects the design of carburettor. For better uniform fuel air supply there is a need to design the carburettor with an effective design tool. Parameters of the carburettor will be analysed using computational fluid dynamics. The results obtained from the open source software's enGrid, open FOAM, will be analysed for optimum design of a carburettor. Current CFD models describe important physical and chemical processes of engine flows, but validation experiments are needed for model development and improvement. CFD combustion models capture engine performance and emissions trends and can be combined with optimization tools for design and evaluation of engine design concepts. In recent years CFD has been successfully established for the calculation of fluid flow, mixture formation and combustion in internal combustion engines as a complementary tool to in-cylinder pressure analysis and optical mixture formation and combustion diagnostics.

Keywords

Carburettor, enGrid, OpenFOAM.

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S. P. Singh ¹, M. Sanwal ², V. P. Dimri ³, S. K. Dubey ⁴

Affiliations
1 Lives at 195-Phase I, Vasant Vihar, Dehradun 248 006, IN
2 Lives at House No. 204, Sector 15A, Noida 201 301, IN
3 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
4 Lives at A-30C, DDA Flats, Munirka, New Delhi 110 067, IN

Abstract

We analyse here achievements of DST’s Climate Change Programme run by a small team of science administrators. The programme was run in a campaign mode in which DST science administrators not only made several young scientists interested in the programme, but also played a role of co-partner in developing the project concept and plans. The main features of the programme are: (i) several young scientists have taken lead role in carrying out research in climate change; (ii) creation of research networks; (iii) a remarkable rise in quality research papers; (iv) training of over 35,000 personnel, and (v) a marked change in the style of running a programme in which DST science administrators, committee members and researchers worked together with more trust and understanding, involving frequent interactions.

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D. K. Pandey ¹, P. Adhiguru ², S. Vimla Devi ³, Shivani Dobhal ¹, S. K. Dubey ⁴, T. S. Mehra ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University (I), Pasighat 791 102, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Extension, KAB-I, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110 012, IN
4 ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Kanpur 278 002, IN

Abstract

The narrowing of diversity in crop species contributing to the world’s food supplies has been considered a potential threat to food security. The present study quantifies crop species diversity in controversial shifting cultivation system (SCS) using primary data from 52 villages spread across six North-Eastern (NE) hill states of India. The findings reveal that SCS is much diversified compared to settled cultivation system. Along with cereals, millets and pulses, the upland tribes grow a variety of horticultural crops on SC land. At the aggregate level, horticultural crops in the sampled states were observed to be much diversified and the mean diversification index value was found to be 0.79 (Simpson’s Diversity Index) for the six NE hill states on SC land. The present study documented 25 cultivars of vegetables, 22 cultivars of fruits, spices and plantation crops, and 12 field crops in SCS, besides many minor fruits and underutilized vegetables. However, the most densely populated crop species were rice, maize and finger millet in the case field crops. Vegetable crops included pumpkin, potato and ash gourd, and fruit crops included banana, pineapple and citrus, while spices like ginger, chilli and turmeric were densely cultivated on SC land. Thus, the prevailing crop species in SCS had their own attributes, performances and challenges. Experiences of the present study shall be the guiding benchmark for those who negate the possibilities of agrobiodiversity in SCS.

Keywords

Agrobiodiversity, Crop Diversity, Upland Tribes, Shifting Cultivation.

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D. K. Pandey ¹, P. Adhiguru ², Uma Sah ³, N. Devachandra ¹, S. K. Dubey ⁴, Chandra Deo ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat 791 102, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Extension, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-I, ICAR, New Delhi 110 012, IN
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 278 002, IN
4 ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Kanpur 278 002, IN

Abstract

Natural environmental settings, in general, are considered by humans as the ideal ambience which makes them happy and reinvigorated especially within their mental realm. If this is the case, can we assume that all green spaces are synonymous to augmenting happiness? Biodiversity is expressed in terms of a system having number and abundance of different species. For resilience of various ecosystem services like food production, climate regulation, and pest management to take place, prevalence of such biodiversity is essential which can substantially contribute to sustained human well-being. In this study, we assessed the status of agrobiodiversity and subjective well-being of an indigenous community amidst the transition from shifting cultivation (SC) to monoculture of natural rubber (NR). Sampling the respondents from 18 villages of Dhalai, Tripura, a remotely located district in northeast India and bordered by Bangladesh, we used mixed methods research for in depth investigation. Findings revealed that in the SC landscape of study area, the cultivated crop species and livestock breeds were being largely replaced by encroachment from rubber plantation. We documented only 19 crop species on such a landscape which is otherwise known for its vast agrobiodiversity in the tropics. This kind of transition from SC to NR which is usually supported by the government development interventions, has severely affected the ecosystem services of such landscapes and banishing happiness from the indigenous communities, as perceived by them. Hence stabilization of rich agrobiodiversity and simultaneously ensuring the peoples’ well-being is the only potential alternative for development in the region.

Keywords

Agrobiodiversity, Indigenous Community, Northeast India, Rubber Plantation, Shifting Cultivation Landscape.

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