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Ashwini, S.
- Area Efficient of Max Log Map Algorithm Using SB/DB Methods for Turbo Decoder
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Authors
Affiliations
1 PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, IN
2 Dept of EEE, University College of Engineering, Panruti, Tamilnadu, IN
1 PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, IN
2 Dept of EEE, University College of Engineering, Panruti, Tamilnadu, IN
Source
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, Vol 3, No 6 (2014), Pagination: 775-780Abstract
In Turbo decoding the design of Log MAP algorithm is more complicated with the exponential sum. In this paper a mathematical model is designed with a jacobian logarithm which consists of a max function along with the exponential correction function. The complexity of the jacobian logarithm is also reduced by the Max Log Map algorithm by eliminating the correction term. The MAP decoder is recursive and complex, which makes high-speed implementations. The block-interleaved pipelining (BIP) as a new high-throughput technique for MAP decoders. An area-efficient symbol-based BIP MAP decoder architecture is proposed by combining BIP with the well-known look-ahead computation. Due to the powerful error correcting performance, the turbo codes have been adopted in many wireless communication standards. The optimum decoding procedure for turbo codes is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm. It is very difficult to design high-speed MAP Decoder, because of its recursive computations. The MAP decoding algorithm has equipped to output soft-decision bits that turbo decoding requires. We propose maximum a posteriori algorithm (MAP) which can support both single-binary (SB) and double-binary (DB) CTC decoding It gives a mathematical description of the MLMAP algorithm for Single Binary and Double Binary turbo decoders.Keywords
Block Interleaved Pipelining, Convolutional Turbo Codes, Max Log Maximum a Posteriori, Single Binary and Double Binary.Full Text
- Genetic Variability for Osmotic Adjustment in Pollen Grains and its Association with Field Tolerance to Moisture Stress in Maize Inbred Lines
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, IN
1 Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560 065, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 279-285Abstract
Drought severely affects gametophytic development in maize. To explore pollen tolerance to drought stress, the pollen grains of 16 inbred lines were subjected to osmotic stress (without and with osmolyte; 10 mM CaCl2) under in vitro conditions. The effect of stress was observed as a measure of intrinsic osmotic adjustment (OA) and induced OA. Evaluation of inbreds for drought tolerance in field indicated significant differences for sensitivity drought index (SDI) among the lines. The Δ13 surrogate trait indicated genotypic differences for drought tolerance. Significant negative correlation was observed between pollen OA and SDI values; and positive correlation between pollen OA and Δ13 values, suggesting correspondence in drought tolerance between pollen and sporophyte. The superoxide dismutase isozyme expression also indicated the overlap drought tolerance mechanism. Thus, the present study provides an insight into overlapping behaviour regarding stress response mechanism of pollen grains and plants.Keywords
Drought Tolerance, Gametophytic Selection, Osmotic Adjustment, Maize.Full Text
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