Informatics Publishing Limited

Asit Baran Mandal ¹, S. Vellaichamy ¹, Jilly James ¹, Ramya S. G. Krishnan ¹, S. Govindarajan ²

Affiliations
1 Chemical Laboratory, Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, IN

Abstract

The hydration of the polymer micelles has been directly determined from the measurements of conductance of micellar solutions of the triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO) in 25 mM SDS (fixed) and in 5 mM NaCl (fixed), using the principle of the obstruction of electrolyte migration by the polymer. The asymmetry of the micellar entities of the polymer and the polymer-SDS mixed micellar systems and their average axial ratios are calculated using the intrinsic viscosity and hydration data obeying Simha-Einstein equation. The hydration of the polymer has also been determined by Einstein and Vand equations, and good agreement with the conductivity results obtained. Hydration number and micellar sizes are found to be variable with temperature. The aggregation number, ̅N of the polymer in an aqueous solution of SDS (25 mM, fixed) was determined by fluorescence spectroscopic technique considering the SDS solution as the solvent only in one case, and in the other case, the micellar concentration of SDS had been taken into account to consider the SDS-polymer mixed system. Both ̅N and the Stern-Volmer constant (K_sv) are variable with temperature. The shape of the polymer micelles has been observed to be ellipsoidal rather than spherical. From the absolute values of the axes, the micellar volume, hydrodynamic radius, radius of gyration, diffusional coefficients as well as translational (τ_D), rotational (τ_r) and effective (τ_a) correlation times have been calculated. The partial molal volume of the polymer micelles has also been determined and its comparison with the molar volume of the pure polymer suggested a volume contraction due to the immobilization of the water phase by the hydrophilic head groups of the polymer. The thermodynamic activation parameters for the viscous flow favour a more ordered water structure around the polymer micelles at higher temperatures.

Keywords

Geometry of the Micelles, Triblock Copolymer, Mixed Micelles, Aggregation, Correlation Times and Thermodynamic Parameters.

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R. Thenmozhi ¹, S. Govindarajan ², F. EzhilMaryArasi ¹

Affiliations
1 SRM University, Chennai, IN
2 Department of Computer Application, SRM University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Providing end-to-end data security in wireless sensor network (WSN) is a non-trivial task. In addition to the large number and severe resource constraint of sensor nodes, a particular challenge comes from potential insider attacks due to possible node compromise, since a WSN is usually deployed in unattended/hostile environments. Compromised node and denial of service are two key attacks in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Here, we study the data delivery mechanisms to overcome these attacks with high probability of circumventing black holes. Classic multipath routing approaches are vulnerable to such attacks, mainly due to their deterministic nature. Once the adversary acquires the routing algorithm, it can compute the same routes known to the source and make all information sent over these routes vulnerable to its attacks. In this paper, we develop mechanisms that generate randomized multipath routes. Under our designs, the routes taken by the “shares” of different packets change over time. So even if the routing algorithm becomes known to the adversary, the adversary still cannot pinpoint the routes traversed by each packet. Besides randomness, the generated routes are also highly dispersive and energy efficient, making them quite capable of circumventing black holes.

Keywords

Black Holes, Randomized Multipath Routes, Secure Data Collection, Wireless Sensor Network.

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K. M. Uma Maheswari ¹, S. Kanchana Devi ¹, S. Govindarajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of MCA, SRM University, Chennai, IN

Abstract

The basic role of a wireless sensor network is to collect information from the environment by many sensor nodes (SNs). The SN typically has a finite battery life and nodes' failures can lead to network partition. Therefore, it is important to minimize the energy usage of each sensor node and to manage the power of SN in critical position that their failure could divide the network. This drives research on how to design routing protocols to gather data efficiently, so that the life of the network can be prolonged. A usual concept to collect data by a sink node is to transfer data from sensor nodes to the sink node by multi-hop. To resolves the problems, a new energy balanced and efficient data aggregation scheme for WSN is used. With a predetermined set of paths based on the specific Application.

Keywords

DD, DP, HDA, WSN, RTABLE.PLIST, TPL.

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F. Ezhil Mary Arasi ¹, S. Govindarajan ², A. Subbarayan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Master of Computer Applications, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In recent times Web Service providers are finding difficult to satisfy the requirements of the consumers due to several reasons. We have made an attempt to identify the specific parameters for evaluation of an efficient functioning of Composite Web Services. The study is based on a data set sampled from a large number of Web Service Providers. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Random sampling technique was adopted for the preparation of the data set. A multivariate statistical technique viz., Factor analysis is used for identifying the factors. Factor analysis method reduces large number of variables into few factors without sacrificing much of explained variability by the variables. Factor analysis begins with the construction of new set of variables based on the relationship in the correlation matrix. Based on principal component analysis we have identified the factor which determines the effective performance of Web Service providers. Findings: The study is based on a data set sampled from a large number of Web Service providers. The results based on the sample data set indicates the components of Web Service Providers Performance factors, Security factors and Trust factors viz., Successability, Best practices and Throughput respectively. These parameters have the higher loadings compared to other extracted QoS parameters. Application/Improvement: The research work was confined to the usage of factor analysis method based on principal component analysis approach. As a future work the other approaches in cluster method viz., centroid method and maximum likelihood method may be attempted to make a comparative study of the extraction of QoS parameters for its effectiveness.

Keywords

Factor Analysis, Principal Components, Quality of Service, Varimax Rotation, Web Service Selection.

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M. Shabnam ¹, S. Govindarajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the correctness of the algorithm Gesture Recognition that is one of the parts of our novel method ‘Braille coded gesture pattern interaction method”; and to study the performance of Eyedroid system using the statistical methodologies. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The algorithm for gesture recognition was developed and implemented in C program to check the correctness of each step of algorithm. The gesture input parameters Swipe-Minimum-Distance, Swipe-Threshold-Velocity are defined with range of values. Varying gesture input range of values within domain and out of domain results the expected solution space. Our gesture recognition algorithm is developed for 2D touch surface. The Real time experiments were conducted for 12 blind fold subjects to observe the different versions Eyedroid-A(E-A), Eyedroid-B(E-B) of gesture recognition algorithm perceptions, being implemented in smart phones. The mean WPM for 10 trials was recorded for 12 subjects with E-A and E-B. The two tailed paired t test is performed for the mean dependent sample data of wpm. Findings: The existing 3D gesture recognition algorithm Derivative Dynamic Time Warping (DDTW) analyzed by Katarzyna Barczewska, Aleksandra Drozd, 2013 was proven to be efficient method for air fly environment. Our gesture recognition algorithm is developed for 2D touch surface found to be effective by the results of algorithm test. Gesture Recognition algorithm finds the mal gestures and the results proved that there is a significant difference in respect of blind subjects for two different Eyedroid versions. The observed data reveals E-B (mean WPM=14.95) is easy to use than E-A (mean WPM=12) as the number of words entered per minute by E-B is higher than E-A. Our Eyedroid with WPM is 14.95 is obtained to be better interactive system than the existing “Adaptive interaction Technique” system developed by Georgios Y fantidis Grigori Evreinov, 2005 confirms WPM is 12. Applications/Improvements: The implication is our Braille coded gesture pattern that enables visually challenged ones to enter more number of words than by the existing system. Our interaction method is deployable at all kinds of touchable devices.

Keywords

Eyedroid-Braille Coded Gesture Pattern, Gesture Recognition Algorithm, t Test for Mobile Interaction.

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F. Ezhil Mary Arasi ¹, S. Govindarajan ¹, A. Subbarayan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Master of Computer Applications, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of Composite Web Service based on the parameters relating to Quality of Service by using statistical methodologies. Methods/Statistical Analysis: By using Web Service Crawler Engine we have collected data on eleven parameters of interest from a more number of Web Services. Among the eleven parameters we have selected six parameters of importance using the sampling of thirty Web Services. We have constructed the weight matrix for the parameters. By using Web Services Relevancy Function ranking has been done for three different scenarios. Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient we have compared the scenarios. Findings: The graphical representation of the three scenarios shows varying pattern. The Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient of the Web Services Relevancy Function varied widely among the sampled Web Services. F-Test revealed that there are no significant differences in respect of weights of Quality of Web Services for three different scenarios. We concluded that weight assigned for Quality of Service parameters in Scenario I is preferred than the scenarios II and III through the evaluations. Application/Improvements: The technique developed in this research paper can be applied for the comparison of Web Services during discovery to enhance the performance of the Composite Web Service.

Keywords

F-Test, Quality of Service, Rank Correlation, Selection, Web Services.

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M. Shabnam ¹, S. Govindarajan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Medical Research Centre, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective:The Objective of our research is to establish an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for Braille coded gesture pattern recognition process and to optimize the weight of the ANN model using optimization algorithms. The ANN utilized to predict the outputs such as right gesture, left gesture, top and bottom gestures of the known input values. Methods: To optimize the weight of the ANN structure optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Lion Algorithm (LA) are utilized to optimize the weights such as number of input neurons (α) and number of hidden neurons(β). Findings: The optimum results show that the attained empirical error values and predicted values are equal to zero in designed network. The Convergence graph demonstrates the fitness rate with minimum error 0.33 between different iterations for three optimization algorithms. The Lion algorithm results the optimal fitness value of Braille Coded Gesture ANN model. Applications: The lion algorithm can be utilized for gesture recognition in touch enabled devices in the area of human computer interaction.

Keywords

Artificial Neural Network, Braille Code, Gestures, Lion Algorithm, Territorial Defense, Territorial Takeover, Touch Screen, Velocity.

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R. Thenmozhi ¹, S. Govindarajan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District, Near Potheri Railway Station, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To prevent accident and rear end collision in VANET, we propose to develop a method that will first create a cluster for preventing accident and rear collision in VANET Method/Statistical Analysis: Hence, to prevent accident and rear end collision in VANET, we propose to develop a scheme. First, with vehicles of same group moving in same road and direction, a cluster is formed. Among transmitted power and Contention Window (CW) size occasionally, every automobiles bounds an algorithm individually that’s adjusted. Findings: In urban areas, Traffic accidents occur because of sudden brakes, which demand a quick response from drivers. Therefore, a driver should be informed of the emergency events earlier. The proposed scheme applied each vehicle nodes in the network. Within the contention window metrics, the probability of collision between nearby vehicles is calculated and included which ensures the occurrence of appropriate modernize of transmission power and CW (Access Category) standards derived from the limited automobile density and the network circumstance correspondingly. The cluster with the header nodes maintain every unwanted or accident event and inform to every node to prevent accidents and rear end collision. This is significant to every sub cluster members of an SCH entity. An automobile can securely reject communication initiated from automobiles next to it. The recipient automobile can take; action derived from the primary and rejects the remaining replacement copies in case of redundancy.Applications/Improvements: The proposed scheme focused to enhance the delay, delivery ratio, energy and throughput compare to existing schemes.

Keywords

Cluster Formation, Cluster Head, Rear-End Collision, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs).

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Spoorthy N. Babu ¹, S. Govindarajan ¹, M. A. Vijayalakshmi ¹, Ayesha Noor ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu,-632 014, IN

Abstract

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a perennial succulent plant belonging to the Aloeaceae family and has been used for many centuries for its medicinal properties. Among the Aloe vera plant parts, gel is being widely studied for their biological properties. However, epidermis and flowers are neglected and are not probed for their importance. In this study, the methanolic extracts of Aloe vera gel, leaf and flower were evaluated for their anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic potential in vitro and other phytochemical constituents. We observed that the Aloe vera gel, leaf and flowers have shown significant anti-oxidant potential. When compared between leaf, gel and flower of Aloe vera, the leaf showed better antioxidant activity in ABTS, DPPH, H₂O₂ radical scavenging activities, Metal chelating activity and reducing power. However, the gel extract showed better anti-diabetic efficacy compared to the flower extract with respect to α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPP-IV inhibition and anti-glycation activities. This study suggests that different parts of Aloe vera exhibit great potential for antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity and may be useful in new health-care food supplements or nutraceutical.

Keywords

?Aloe vera, Gel, Epidermis, Flower, Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic.

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