Informatics Publishing Limited

J. H. Chin , A. H. Hussin , S. Ismail

Abstract

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiceae) is commonly used by the Malaysian for the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was studied. Fourty-two young male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group, APAP control group, silymarin treated group and four groups receiving methanol extract of O. stamineus in varying dosages. The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus extract on SD rats was determined by using serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the percentage of hepatocytes viability. 2 g/kg of APAP caused a significant liver damage in APAP control group compared to normal control group. However, pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of methanol extract of O. stamineus to rats was significantly reverted all the APAP-induced changes in serum enzymes and the percentage of hepatocytes viability compared to the APAP control group. The results suggest that the use of methanol extract of O. stamineus appeared to be beneficial to rats in preventing the liver damage induced by APAP and may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Keywords

Orthosiphon Stamineus, Acetaminophen, Serum Enzymes, Hepatocytes

Full Text

   

P. Balasiddamuni , C. Subbrami Reddy , S. Ismail , K. V. S. D. P. Vara Prasad

Abstract

A simultaneous equations econometric model is specified and estimated with a generalized Cobb-Douglas production function based on three inputs namely Labour, Capital and Inventory. It is estimated by using Indirect Least Squares estimation. The impact inventory on factors of production is studied through the derived demand equations for the factors of production. Under the empirical investigation, the proposed model is estimated by using the cross section data on different industry groups in India for the year 1985-86.

Full Text

     

P. Balasiddamuni , C. S. Reddy , M. Subbarayudu , S. Ismail

Abstract

We defined Net Social Gain (NSG) which is a function of probability of capture (p) and length of punishment (f) We identified certain equilibrium and disequilibrium structures by maximizing NSG with respect to p and f separately and hence optimal punishment is determined. The nature of Marginal Social Loss (MSL) and Marginal Social Gain (MSG) curves has been narrated, under equilibrium and disequilibrium states. A relationship between elasticities of Total Social Loss (TSL) and Total Social Gain (TSC) with respect to punishment is established.

Full Text