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S. Jeyarani ¹, P. Karuppuchamy ¹, N. Sathiah ¹, S. Manimegalai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The safety of the UV-selected Coimbatore isolate of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV-UVT-CBEI) was tested against the non-target organisms viz., Trichogramma chilonis, Chrysoperla carnea, honey bee species and Bombyx mori to find out whether the cyclical exposure of HaNPV to ultra-violet (UV) radiation could cause adverse effect on the above organisms. The results showed that the HaNPV-UVT-CBEI had no adverse effect on the growth parameters, survival and production parameters of the organisms tested in comparison with the UV shielded HaNPV (HaNPV-UVS-CBEI). The cyclical exposure of HaNPV to UV radiation for the selection of UV tolerant strain did not have any deleterious effect on the safety of the virus to the non-target organisms.

Keywords

Apis sp., Bombyx mori, Chrysoperla carnea, Helicoverpa armigera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Safety, Trichogramma chilonis.

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S. Manimegalai ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Sericulture, Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Mulberry powdery mildew disease caused by Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst is a production constraint during winter months. A mycophagous coccinellid, Illeis bielawskii Ghorpade was found to be associated with the disease. Population of I. bielawskii among mulberry varieties ranged from 2.47numbers/plant (MR2) to 15.92/plant (Kanva 2). The egg, larval and pupal periods were 2.97, 9.00 and 3.22 days, respectively. The adult longevity was 20-25 days. The grubs and beetles actively fed on the fungus and the rate of feeding was found to be highest in adult (118.91 cm²), followed by fourth instar grub (43.28 cm²), Safety studies conducted revealed that there was no significant difference in hatching of eggs between control (no insecticide treatment) and the insecticide treatments, viz., malathion, methyl demeton and dichlorvos, However, a mortality of 50 and 46.67 per cent was observed when grubs were fed with mildew affected leaves treated with malathion and dichlorvos. To be effective as a biocontrol agent, it should not behave as a vector, Studies conducted on disease-vector relationship revealed that I.bielawskii does not have any significant role in disseminating the powdery mildew pathogen, P. corylea.

Keywords

Feeding Rate, Grub Mortality, Hatchability, Illeis bielawskii, Phyllactinia corylea, Mulberry, Vector.

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S. Manimegalai ¹, N. Sathiah ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, G. Santharam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil NaduAgricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) was combined with different antibiotics to increase its pathogenicity. It was administered to third instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions by diet surface treatment and the mortality and spore yield was studied. Reproductive spores of V.necatrix at 10⁶ spores/ml were mixed with 100 ppm of antibiotics viz. gentamycin, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, kana mycin and chloramphenicol. The results showed that the larval mortality due to various Vairimorpha antibiotic combinations ranged from 10 to 62.07 per cent and it was high compared to prepupal and pupal stages. Assessment of spore yield in the infected larvae, pre-pupae and pupae revealed that larval stages recorded higher production of spores which ranged from 0.23 to 2.36 x 10¹⁰ spores for larva, 2.26 to 5.28 x 10⁹ spores for pre pupa and 0.28 to 2.23 x 10⁹ spores for pupa. Among the various combinations, Vairimorpha-gentamycin combination produced higher mortality and spore yield of V. necatrix.

Keywords

Antibiotics, Mortality, Spodoptera litura, Spore Yield, Vairimorpha necatrix.

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S. Manimegalai ¹, C. Sumithiradevi ², M. Punithavalli ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Applications in V.S.B. Engineering College, Karur, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bharathiyar University, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of computer applications in SNS Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Cloud computing, a rapidly developing information technology, has aroused the concern of the whole world. Cloud computing is a virtualized pool of computing resources. It can manage a variety of different workloads, including the batch of back-end operations and user-oriented interactive applications. There are many resources available in a data center and in the cloud that a client can purchase or rent, such as processing time, network bandwidth, disk storage, and memory. The users of the cloud do not need to know where the data center is, or have any expertise on how to operate or maintain the resources in the cloud. Clients only need to know how to connect to the resources and how to use the applications needed to perform their jobs. This article introduces the background and service model of cloud computing. This article also introduces efficient approaches, techniques and challenges for data centers.

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Cloud Service, Data Centers, SaaS.

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B. Bebitha ¹, P. Mohanraj ², S. Manimegalai ³, C. A. Mahalingam ⁴

Affiliations
1 State Department of Horticulture, Kanchipuram (T.N.), IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
3 Department of Sericulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
4 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN

Abstract

Silkworm has a greater biotic potential and the resistance is continuously offered by the environment which includes biotic and abiotic factors thus influencing the cocoon production qualitatively and quantitatively. The abiotic environmental resistance component largely includes the weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod etc., in respect of silkworm and unfavourable weather conditions that lead to poor harvest of mulberry. The abiotic factors usually affect the growth and development of silkworm and predispose the silkworm to the biotic causes i.e., infectious diseases. The biotic factors responsible for low cocoon crop production are the silkworm diseases caused by protozoa, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Extent of crop loss due to fungal disease caused by white muscardine and green muscardine was 5-20 per cent,virus disease caused by grasserie (NPV) was 15-20 per cent, bacterial disease reduces the crop loss upto 10-15 per cent and pebrine gives 5-10 per cent damage, respectively. The history of sericulture reveals devastating impact of microsporidiosis in several sericultural countries resulting in severe damage to sericulture industry. Though, the disease is known from very remote times, it attracted the attention of sericulturists only during the 17th century. The first scientific record of the occurrence of the disease came from European countries in 1809 and the disease wiped off sericulture there. This was followed by another report from France in 1845 where the annual production of cocoons came down from 26,000 tones in 1853 to 4000 tones in 1865 due to epizootics of microsporidiosis and subsequently collapsed the French and Italian silk industry. Later the disease spread to Spain, Syria and Romania (Steinhaus, 1949). In India, the first report of the occurrence of the disease was from Mysore in 1866 followed by an epidemic level outbreak of the disease in Kashmir in 1878 (Baig et al., 1997).

Keywords

Silkworm Disease, Relative Humidity, Photoperiod.

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P. R. Nithya ¹, S. Manimegalai ¹, S. Nakkeeran ², S. Mohankumar ³, S. Jayarajan Nelson ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi are known to produce a multitude of low molecular weight secondary metabolites involved in different biological processes including fungal development, intercellular communication and interaction with other organisms in complex niches. In the present investigation, heterogeneity in metabolome profile of three isolates of Beauveria bassiana viz., MH590235 (TM), MK918495 (BR) and KX263275 (BbI8) were analyzed through GC-MS. Distinct differences in metabolite profile of the isolates were observed. A total of 63 metabolites were detected from all the isolates combined. Metabolites, 5-Oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid and undecane were found to be specific to BR isolate. Macrocyclic gamma lactones were detected in culture filtrates of BR and BbI8, oleic acid and hexadecanoic acid in TM and BR. An insecticidal compound, levoglucos an was detected in all the fungal isolates. Among the isolates, TM revealed higher variability in the metabolite production through PCA analysis. The metabolome of TM isolate contained compounds having several biological functions, viz., insecticidal and antimicrobial activity, lipid and fatty acid metabolisms and virulence enhancing factors.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Biological Functions, GC-MS, Metabolome Heterogeneity, PCA Analysis.

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