Informatics Publishing Limited

Jyoti Shettar , Ekta Maini , S. Shreelakshmi

Abstract

The scope of this project is to deal with images that are appropriate for digital photography. The problem we are interested in is twofold. First to develop a sharpening method that increases the slope of edges without producing overshoot and undershoot, which renders clean, crisp, and artefact-free edges, thereby improving the overall appearance of the image. The second aspect of the problem is to address noise removal. In most applications, the degraded image contains both noise and blur. A sharpening algorithm that works well only for noise-free images will not be applicable in these situations. Hence a unified solution to both sharpness enhancement and noise removal is proposed.

 

Keywords

Image denoising, image restoration, adaptive bilateral filter

Full Text

   

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

Full Text

     

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, S. Rajeshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Nano Bio Science Lab, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
4 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the bleaching efficacy of Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.

Material and Methodology: An in-vitro experimental study was carried out on 18 sound human maxillary fully erupted Premolars extracted stored in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS). They were segregated in to 3 Groups (Group I , Group II and Group II) consisting of 6 samples in each group. Their UV transmission wavelengths between 380-780 were determined using Spectrophotometer. The samples of the three groups were subjected to bleaching treatments with 10% Carbamide Peroxide, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide and Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis was carried out and data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel for transferred to SPSS for analysis.

Results: It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it opaquer. It was found in our study that Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide has a superior bleaching efficacy showing a mean value of 0.4 ± 0.88 prior treatment which increased to 3.3 ± 2.32 post treatment with the bleaching agent than Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide. The efficacy of 10% carbamide peroxide was found to have least efficacy. The study showed that the mean value of samples in group III was the highest (3.3 ± 2.32) followed by group II (1.9±0.43) and group I (1.7 ± 2.26).

Conclusion: Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide had superior bleaching effect compared with Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced Carbamide Peroxide.10% carbamide peroxide was found to have the least efficacy than other combinations

Keywords

Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.Nanohydroxyapatite, Fluoridated Carbamide Peroxide, Human Extracted Premolars, Teeth Bleaching, Invitro Trial.

Full Text

     

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ²

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Oral health is an integral portion of overall general health. Oral diseases qualify as a global and major public health problem owing to their high prevalence and incidence in all regions of the world. Oral health in India is usually not considered as an issue with priority by the public health sector. The main hindrance that deprives people of availing services is the high cost. The year 1929 is considered remarkable as birth of modern health insurance took place. Though India has accomplished a lot in terms of General Health Insurance, achievements are not made as far as comprehensive dental insurance system is concerned which is virtually nonexistent. Increasing awareness about various available modalities for dental care among public necessitates dental coverage which still remains a large untapped market. Effective dental insurance system will help people get minimum essential dental treatments at affordable prices. It reduces global economic burden of oral diseases. This creates awareness regarding preventive and prophylactic procedures percolating at the grass ischolar_main levels which further enables to instill positive dental attitude. Hence it is a good tool for oral health promotion as well. A state of enormous transition exists in the oral healthcare delivery system of India. The biggest challenge of the present time is the need for dental health providers to serve the rural population with care and also understanding the insurance sector.. A better apprehension regarding dental insurance in India is needed to gain clarity. This review was carried out with an aim to explore the factors associated with its operation.

Keywords

Health Insurance, Dental Insurance, India, Dental Health Insurance Companies, Dental Health Insurance Schemes, Benefits of Dental Insurance.

Full Text

     

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, D. Srisakthi Doraikannan ², I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ²

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Dentistry, being one of the healing professions, has an obligation to society that its members will stick on to high ethical standards of conduct. In India, studies done to assess whether the dental practitioners adhere to ethics in their line of work are very meager.

The consent is integral as it enables in mutual communication to establish a good dentist-patient rapport that enables maintenance of dental patient record which is legal evidence that documents professional care provided to the patient. Informed consent is an essential tool of standard ethical dental practice.

Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among private dental practitioners in Chennai City. A self- administered structured questionnaire consisting of 21 items was used to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding informed consent. The response format was based on a 2-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage, inferential statistics using Pearson’s Chisquare test to check the level of significance and association between variables, Pearson’s correlation were utilized for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean scores for knowledge and attitude were 8.83 ± 1.635 and 3.28 ± 0.734 respectively. Analysis revealed that qualification and years of experience was statistically significant among both dependent variables (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the mean knowledge and practice scores among graduate dentists and specialists.

Conclusion: A significant association between the knowledge and practice scores was observed, implying that with an increase in knowledge, there was also an increase in the practices of ethics among study population.

Keywords

Awareness, Perception, Dental Ethics, Informed Consent, Registered Dentists.

Full Text

     

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, I. Meignana Arumugham Indiran ², Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ³, D. Srisakthi Doraikannan ³

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Despite the fact most of the oral diseases are preventable; least priority is given for oral care among public. As knowledge is considered to be an essential prerequisite for related behavior and educational intervention is easy in administration logical at community level for promotion, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of oral health education.

Materials and Method: The used questionnaire in this cross-sectional survey consisted of 12 items to obtain data through telephonic interview. The study was conducted among 100 people who had received oral health education counseling during their dental visit. They were selected from the records management system in a private dental institution in Chennai city. Descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage and inferential statistics using Pearson’s Chi-square test to check the level of significance and association between variables were utilized for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean age was found to be 35.6 ± 12.303. Most of them were aged 21-40 years perceived the intervention to have a moderate impact developed greater expected behavior as a result of counseling. Males were higher in proportion than females. However, the practice of oral hygiene post intervention was greater among women. Higher proportions in different age groups perceived moderate impact. No matter whatever was the educational status of the individuals, oral health education created desirable behavior for healthy oral cavity.

Conclusion: Effective educational interventions with motivation contribute to positive behavior change.

Keywords

Effectiveness, Oral Health Education, Oral Health Promotion, Program, Impact.

Full Text

     

S. Shreelakshmi ¹, Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ², Meignana Arumugham Indiran ³, Srisakthi Doraikannan ²

Affiliations
1 Post Graduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
2 Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN
3 Professor Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IN

Abstract

Background: Toothbrush is the widely used personal and the most cost effective oral hygiene maintenance aid. Hence it must be appropriately selected.

Aim: To determine if professional health education or following brushing technique after reading instructions given by the manufacturer has an impact on dental plaque levels.

Method: The present trial was examiner blind, randomized and two visit study with 100 volunteers. The total sample consisted of 100 subjects and they were equally divided in to 4 groups. Group I were given health Education and instructed to use V-Beat Toothbrush. Group II were taught health education and instructed to use normal toothbrush. Group III and IV were instructed to use V-Beat and normal toothbrushes respectively. Participants were assessed for dental plaque status according to Turesky’s Gilmore modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index using two-tone disclosing agent at baseline and first visit (7 days) which were subjected to comparisons. Data were entered in Excel and transferred to SPSS (Version 23) and correlation between and within the groups were determined for analysis.

Results: Group-I was found to be statistically significant than other groups compared in the study. On comparing Group-I and IV, least correlation was shown. However, greater significance was observed in Group-I. Further Comparisons of Groups I & II with III & IV led to the finding that significant difference was observed in the groups to which health education was given.

Conclusion: Health education intervention followed by usage of V-Beat tooth brush was most effective in reducing plaque.

Keywords

Dental Plaque, Oral Health Education, Plaque Scores, Toothbrush Design, Toothbrush Selection.

Full Text