Informatics Publishing Limited

Abstract

The past two decades have witnessed the boom of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and a key technology for various applications that involve long-term and low-cost monitoring, such as Battlefield Reconnaissance, Building Inspection, Security Surveillance and etc. In most WSNs, the battery is the sole energy source of the sensor node. Sensor nodes are expected to work on batteries for several months to a few years without replenishing. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a critical issue in WSNs. The ultimate goal of a sensor network is often to deliver the sensing data from all sensors to a sink node and then conduct further analysis at the sink node. Thus, data collection is one of the most important common services used in sensor network applications. In the existing techniques, different approaches have been used to realistic simulation models under the many-to-one communication paradigm known as convergecast.  In the TDMA scheduling technique, it consider time scheduling on a single frequency channel with the aim of minimizing the number of time slots required (schedule length) to complete a converge cast. By using this scheduling mechanism, the data collection is higher than previous mechanisms.  However, from our experimental results, this Project Work is realized that the TDMA Scheduler unable to collect data from large Sensor Networks.  This is the major identified problem.  To address this issue, this paper proposed an efficient Virtual Backbone Scheduling (VBS) Technique.  From our experimental results, it is observed that the proposed work improves the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks interms of Network Error Rate, Sensor’s Lifetime, Communication Cost and Scheduling Time as compared with existing technique.  It is also observed that the proposed work improves the performance of Data Collection Process, which saves Battery Life Time and the Scheduling Time.

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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks utilize large numbers of Wireless Sensor nodes to forward information from source to destination. Wireless Sensor Nodes are battery-powered devices. Energy saving is always vital to maximize the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks. Recently, there are many Routing Protocols have been designed and proposed for Wireless Sensor Networks to improve its performance in terms of Communication Time, Residual Energy and Energy Consumption. An Efficient HYbrid Multi-hop routiNg (HYMN) Technique was proposed recently, which was a hybrid of the two contemporary Multi-Hop Routing Techniques, namely, Flat Multi- Hop Routing Technique and Hierarchical Multi-Hop Routing Technique. It demonstrates the effective performance in terms of Network Lifetime and superior connectivity. However, from the literature survey, it is observed that this Hybrid Multi-Hop Routing Technique fails to achieve sinkhole attacks, which are the major noted attacks against this Hybrid Multi-Hop Routing Technique.  To address this issue and to secure the Wireless Sensor Networks against the above mentioned attacks, this research work is planned to enhance the Hybrid Multi-Hop Routing Technique with Trust-Aware Routing Framework, which will improve the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks in terms of trustworthy and Network Lifetime.

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Abstract

Global IP traffic is predicted to reach 63.9 exabytes per month in 2014. This growth rate has not only driven up demand for bandwidth from the Internet backbone infrastructure but has also presented providers with new challenges such as Enormous Energy Consumption, which causes Global Warming. To address these issues, Load adaptive energy saving schemes were proposed which is for backbone IP networks use dynamic transport circuit services to adapt the active network resources to the current traffic demand in order to reduce the network’s energy consumption. Recently, several approaches, categorized as Switch-Off schemes, have been proposed which attempt to reduce the energy consumption of already existing networks by switching-off IP ports and links during periods of low traffic. Although it has been shown that these schemes can notably decrease the network’s energy consumption, they are prone to instabilities in the IP routing service and decreased resilience due to reduced connectivity.  To address these challenges, Switch-On scheme in an IP-over-WDM network was proposed, where the network is designed so that the essential IP connectivity is maintained during low traffic periods while dynamic circuits are switched on in the optical layer to boost network capacity during periods of high traffic demand. 

This Project Work has implemented the Switch-On Scheme and from our experimental results, it is observed that the Switch-On approach in IP-over-WDM networks carry significant potential for improvement in energy efficiency. However, it is realized that this scheme consumes energy inefficiently due to poor energy-load proportionality of network equipment which causes a vast amount of energy consumption even in an idle state.  To address this issue, this Project Work is proposed an efficient Traffic Grooming Framework for Switch-On approach. From our experimental results, it is revealed that the proposed work outperforms the existing Switch-On Model interms of Power Consumption, Throughput, Router Utilization.

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