Informatics Publishing Limited

S. Surya ¹

Affiliations
1 Architecture, Government Engineering College, Thrissur - 680009, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Birds in urban areas are indicators of biodiversity1. This paper explores ways of developing a style of architecture that provides spaces for various species of birds, as part of the built and un-built areas in cities. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The method adopted is a literature study of different types of birds' nests and a few species habitats to understand how they can be adapted and integrated in buildings. Methods to create natural habitats in urban landscaping, and to make green roofs habitable for wildlife, are studied. The threats faced by birds in urban settings leading to their mortality are studied and solutions for the same are proposed. Findings: The outcome is a set of recommendations that can be adapted and used in cities and buildings to make them inviting and also safe for vegetation and wildlife. Avoid fragmentation in city design. Cluster designs give a better solution. Open spaces can come together and they should be connected through a green network. Urban landscapes in parks, campuses, large gardens, road side avenues and medians should follow a semi rustic pattern. All new buildings and old buildings where retrofitting is possible, should have roof gardens which follow a semi rustic environment. Compound walls, Balconies, verandahs and sit outs can be provided with holes for cavity nests or hooks for pendant nests. Projecting decorative elements provide space for platform nests. Courtyards and atria with greenery can be given in buildings which are accessible to birds. Use of plain transparent and reflective glass should be avoided. They can be used with narrow patterns, netting etc. Artificial lighting in open spaces should be just enough for use, avoid light spilling, and preferably use down lighting. In a rapidly urbanizing modern world, ensuring biodiversity in cities is one of the primary responsibilities of the urban designer and the architect. Following the recommendations in the paper is a step towards this direction. Application/Improvements: In many developing countries legislation and guidelines are in effect to protect the biodiversity, but in our country they are lacking along with proper documentations regarding species diversity, mortality etc. Some of the outcome of the paper can help formulate guidelines in this direction.

Keywords

Biodiversity, Bird Friendly Design, Bird Species Diversity in Cities, Sustainable Living

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Perumal Andal ¹, S. Tamijselvy ¹, S. Surya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavarm, Chennai-600117, Kancheepuram, District, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The new antimicrobial skin preparations useable to disinfect a surgical site for surgery. The antimicrobial skin-preparation formula includes povidone-iodine & Extract Tridax procumbens. The new pre-operative skin-preparation quickly and effectively kills microorganisms when applied to the surgical site. The skin-preparation continues to effectively inhibit microorganism growth in the applied area over an extended period of time. The role of the newly developed formulations of povidone-iodine preparations, its antimicrobial activity, the possibility of impairing the wound healing process, the role of povidone-iodine in the problem of growing resistance against antibiotics & antiseptics. Iodine and its antibacterial properties have been used for the prevention or management of wound infections for over 150 years. However, the use of solutions (tincture) of iodine has been replaced by the widespread use of povidone-iodine, a water-soluble compound, which is a combination of molecular iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The resultant broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity is well documented and its efficacy, particularly in relation to resistant micro-organisms.The antibacterial activity of Tridax procumbens performed by using agar well diffusion method showed a result showcasing an effective limit when as opposed pseudomonas vulgaris for ethanol being used as solvent for extract. In Tridax procumbens leaves extract terminate most propitious source.

Keywords

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Microorganism, Disinfectants.

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