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Das, Sanjoy
- Financing Higher Education: With Special Reference to Government General Degree Colleges of Tripura
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 4, No 10 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Financing higher education is the key theme in the debate on higher education the world over involving policy making, planning and prudent financial management. If there exist deficiencies in the mechanism of financing, the system of higher education development would be seriously impaired. It is in this context, the entire gamut of financing education, particularly the higher education, becomes an integral part of the overall development strategy. The study aims at examining and analyzing the sources of finances and expenditure pattern of Government General Degree colleges in Tripura. To deal with the issues, the paper relied upon appropriate primary and secondary sources in collecting data. Basic statistics of Higher Education regarding sources of income, grants, expenditure statement of the government general degree colleges are taken into consideration. Furthermore to understand the perception of respondents an opinion survey has been conducted, the result of which is analysed to draw conclusion on the financing pattern.
Keywords
Higher education, Finance, expenditure, Alternative sources.Full Text
- Micro-indentation of a Conical Rigid Wedge by Numerical Slip-line Field Theory: A Hybrid Approach
Abstract Views :283 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani -741235, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, IN
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani -741235, West Bengal, IN
3 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, Kalyani University, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 36-42Abstract
Slip-line field theory is generally applied for determination of plastic flow lines, stress, velocity of flow and plastic work. In this work, micro-indentation of a conical wedge into an infinitely long block has been analysed by numerical simulation of slip-line field equations. Though the previous works in this field considered straight line profile of the bulged material around the wedge, experimental results showed that the free surface of the material is not actually straight but curvilinear in shape. This work computes the slip line field considering the free surface separately as linear, or parabolic, or circular in nature. The combinations of linear and parabolic as well as linear and circular profiles are also studied. Results obtained in this work indicate suitability of the method showing good matching with the results reported in published literature.Keywords
Surface Profile, Micro-indentation, Slip-line Field, Numerical Technique, Hybrid Analysis.
References
- R Hill, E H Lee and S J Tupper, The Theory of Wedge Indentation of Ductile Materials, Proceedings of Royale Society of London A, Vol 188, No.1013, page 273-289, 1947.
- J Grunzweig, I M Longman and N J Petch, Calculations and Measurements on WedgeIndentation, Journal Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol 2, page 81-86, 1954.
- R. Hill, On the Limits Set by Plastic Yielding to the Intensity of Singularities of Stress, Journal Mech. Phys. of Solids, Vol 2, page 278285, 1954.
- J B Haddow and H T Danyluc, Indentation of a Rigid-Plastic Semi-Infinite Media, by a Smooth Rigid Cone Fitted in a Prepared Cavity, Int. Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol 6, page 1-11, 1964.
- J B Haddow, On a Plane Strain Wedge Indentation Paradox, Int. Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol 9, No.4, page 159161, 1967.
- B Dodd and K Osakada, A Note on the Types of Slip-Line Field for Wedge Indentation Determined by Computer, Int. Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol 16, page 931-938, 1974.
- Y Bai and B Dodd, A Slip-Line Field Solution for Pale-Strain Indentation by Obtuse Angle Wedge, Int. Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol 24, page 119-123, 1982.
- N Ogasawara, N Chiba and X Chen, Limit Analysis-Based Approach to Determine the Material Plastic Properties with Conical Indentation, J. Mater. Res., Vol 21, No.10, page 2699-2700, 2006.
- T O Muliearn, The Deformation of Metals by Vickers-Type Pyramidal Indenters, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol 7, page 85-96, 1959.
- A K Biswas, S Das, B Das and S Das, A SlipLine Field Solution for Micro-Indentation of a Rigid Conical Wedge by Numerical Technique, Int. Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 4, page 9094, 2015.
- J M Challen and P L B Oxley, Slip-Line Fields for Explaining the Mechanics of Polishing and Related Processes, Int. J. Mechanical Sciences, Vol 26, No.6-8, page 403-418, 1984.
- J M Challen and P L B Oxley, An Explanation of the Different Regimes of Friction and Wear Asperity Deformation Models, Wear, Vol 53, page 229-243, 1979.
- J M Challen, P L B Oxley and B S Hockenhull, Prediction of Archard’s Wear Co-Efficient for Metallic Sliding Friction Assuming a Low Cycle Fatigue Wear Mechanism, Wear, Vol 111, page 275-288, 1986.
- Y Yang and A A Torrance, Wear by Plastic Ratchetting: An Experimental Investigation, Wear, Vol 196, page 147-155, 1996.
- Y Yang, A A Torrance and P L B Oxley, Modelling Mechanical Wear Process in Metallic Sliding Friction, J. of Physics D. App. Phys., Vol 29, page 600-608, 1996.
- M. Busquet and A. Torrance, A Numerical Slip Line Field for Sliding Cylinder Problem, Wear, Vol 241, page 86-98, 2000.
- Bibliography
- R Hill, The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, Oxford University Press, 1950.
- J Chakraborty, Theory of Plasticity, Elsevier Pub, 4th Edition, 2006.
- Effect of Surface Roughness on the Pressure Generation in a Finite Rough Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing under Micropolar Lubrication in Steady-State
Abstract Views :247 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Govt. Polytechnic, Lakhisarai, Bihar, IN
2 Technosoft Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, IN
3 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani , Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
1 Govt. Polytechnic, Lakhisarai, Bihar, IN
2 Technosoft Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, IN
3 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani , Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal, IN
Source
Reason-A Technical Journal (Formerly Reason-A Technical Magazine), Vol 15 (2016), Pagination: 39-53Abstract
In hydrodynamic lubrication of journal bearing pressure of the fluid film is generated as a result of the viscous drag of the fluid into the wedge shaped gap between the journal and bearing due to relative motion of the journal with respect to the bearing. The pressure development of fluid is important in this type of lubrication to ensure performance of journal bearing. On the other hand, every surface has some degree of roughness that affects relative motion of the journal bearing system. This paper, thus, aims to present a detailed study of hydrodynamic pressure built up of a journal bearing including the roughness of the surfaces. The modified Reynolds equation is derived on the basis of theory of micropolar lubrication incorporating suitable roughness model. The resulting equation is solved numerically at steady state operating condition using cavitation boundary condition to observe distribution of pressure. The effects of variations in operating variables in terms of characteristic of lubricant and parameters defining roughness model are computed. The analytical results are compared with the available published results to validate the theory and computer code. The numerical result shows that for same geometrical condition maximum pressure developed in micropolar fluid always remain higher than that in Newtonian fluid. The steady state pressure is found to be decreased as the values of the roughness parameters are increased.Keywords
Hydrodynamic Bearing, Micropolar Lubrication, Roughness, Steady State, Pressure Profile.Full Text
References
- Eringen, A.C., Theory of Micropolar Fluids, J. Math. Mech., Vol.16, No.1, pp.1-18, 1966.
- Prakash, J. and Sinha, P., Lubrication Theory for Micropolar Fluids and Its Application to a Journal Bearing, Int. J. Engng. Sci., Vol.13, pp.217-232, 1975.
- Tipei, N., Lubrication with Micropolar Liquids and Its Application to Short Bearings, J. Lub. Technol., Trans. ASME, Vol.101, Jul., pp.356-363, 1979.
- Singh, C. and Sinha, P., The ThreeDimensional Reynolds Equation for Micropolar Fluid Lubricated Bearings, Wear, Vol.76, No.2, pp.199-209, 1982.
- Khonsari, M.M. and Brewe, D.E., On the Performance of Finite Journal Bearings Lubricated with Micropolar Fluids, STLE Tribology Transactions, Vol.32, No.2, pp.155–60, 1989.
- Das, S., Steady State and Dynamic Analysis including Stability of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings with Micropolar Lubrication, Doctoral Thesis, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, 2004.
- Hamilton, D.B., Walowit, J.A. and Allen, C.M., A Theory of Lubrication by Microirregularities, J. Basic Engng., Trans ASME, Ser. D., Vol.88, No.1, pp.177–185, 1966.
- Christensen, H., Stochastic Models for Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Rough Surfaces, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Vol.184, pp.1013–1025, 1969.
- Christensen, H. and Tonder, K., The Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Rough Journal Bearings, Trans. ASME, J. of Lubr. Tech., Series F, April, pp.166–170, 1973.
- Guha, S.K., Analysis of Steady-State Characteristic of Misaligned Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings with Isotropic Roughness Effect, Trib. Int., Vol.33, No.1, pp.1–12, 2000.
- Cheng–I., Weng and Chien-Ru C., Linear Stability of Short Journal Bearings with Consideration of Flow Rheology and Surface Roughness, Trib. Int., Vol.34, No.1, pp.507–516, 2001.
- Rao, P.S. and Agarwal, S., Effect of Surface Roughness on the Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Porous Inclined Slider Bearing Considering Slip Velocity and Squeeze Velocity with Couple Stress Fluids, Int. J. Engng. Sc. and Tech., Vol.6, No.2, pp. 45–64, 2014.
- Mishra, P.C., Analysis of a Rough Elliptic Bore Journal Bearing using Expectancy Model of Roughness Characterization, Trib. in Industry, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp.211– 219, 2014.
- Yan, X-L., Wang, X-L and Zhang, Y-Y., Influence of Roughness Parameters Skewness and Kurtosis on Fatigue Life Under Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Point Contacts, J. Tribol., ASME, Vol. 136, No. 3, 2014.
- Floberg, L., Boundary Condition of Cavitation Regions in Journal Bearings, ASLE Trans., Vol.4, pp.282–286, 1961.
- Castelli, V., Stevenson, C.H. and Gunter, E.J., Steady-state Characteristic of Gas lubricated Self-acting Partial-arc Journal Bearings of Finite Width, Trans., ASLE., Vol.7, pp.153–167, 1964.
- Dowson D., Developments in Lubrication – the Thinning Film, J. Phys. D, Appl Phys, Vol.25, Ser.A, pp.334–339, 1992.
- Impact of North Eastern Region Community Resource Management Project for Upland Areas (NERCORMP) on Overall Socio-Economic and Livelihood Status of Farming Communities in Assam, India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema (Nagaland), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema (Nagaland), IN
Source
International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Vol 8, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 207-215Abstract
Study was conducted in both the implementing districts viz., Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao of NERCORMP in Assam during 2014-15 by taking 204 respondents. Study revealed that for almost all the assets, respondents’ possession percentage as well as average number asset per household remained higher in case of beneficiary respondents in comparison to non-beneficiary respondents. Because of the project intervention, overall area under crops like Panikheti, plantation crops, banana, orange, areca nut etc. increased significantly, whereas number of households practising ‘Jhuming’ as a viable livelihood management strategy declined. Among the beneficiary respondents, average income per household per year recorded much higher, as compared non-beneficiary respondents. Similarly, expenditure also remained more among the beneficiary respondents than non-beneficiary respondents. After intervention of NERCORMP, status of creation of assets viz., human asset, physical asset, social asset and food security asset increased significantly that finally led to significant increase of overall asset position for respondent beneficiaries. Most of independent variables considered here maintained non-significant relationship with creation of any of the asset in the study area.Keywords
NERCORMP, Asset, Income, Expenditure, Impact.References
- Anonymous (2011). Sustainable development in the North East India – A Case of NERCORMP documentation of best practice, December 2011, OneWorld Foundation India.
- Biradar, B. N., Manjunath, L. and Yadav, V. S. (2011). Impact of income generating activities on rural livelihoods of KAWAD project beneficiaries.) Agric. Update, 6(3&4): 182 - 184.
- Devi, K. R. L. (1994). Employment and income generation in rural women. Yojana, 38 (5): 25 – 26.
- Dolli, S.S. (2006). Sustainability of natural resource management in watershed development project Ph.D. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Bangalore, KARNATAKA (INDIA).
- Hari, S. and Kumawat, R.C. (2006). Impact of swarnjayanti gram swarojgar yojana (SGSY) in Jhunijhuna (Rajasthan).Rural India, 69(8-9): 164-168.
- Jayachandra, K. and Naidu, Gurappa (2006). Impact of dairy cooperatives on income, employment and creation of assets of marginal and small farmers- A case study. Indian Cooperative Rev., 43(4): 719-724.
- Mavi, K.S., Chauhan, J.P.S. and Das, B.C. (2006). Impact of self- employment programme on dairy farming. Rural India, 70 (3): 47-49.
- Puhazhendi, V. and Badatya, K.C. (2002): SHG-bank linkage programme for rural poor-An impact assessment. Paper presented at the seminar on SHG-Bank Linkage Programme at New Delhi, on 25th – 26th Nov., NABARD.
- Rais, Uddin Mian, Jamatul, Fatema and Habibur, Rahman (2007). Impact of dairy farming on livelihood of participating women under Grameen Bank in a selected area of Rangpur district in Bangladesh. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 62(2): 259-271.
- Reddy, V. R. (2001). Watershed development and livelihood security: An assessment of linkage and impact project report centre for economic and social studies, Hyderabad (A.P.) INDIA.
- Sahu, B. P., Chaturvedi, M. K. and Yadaw, K. N. (2012). Analysis of socio-economic profile of the ATMA beneficiaries of Chhattisgarh. J. Plant Develop. Sci., 4 (2) : 207-213.
- Sharda, V. N., Samara, J. S. and Dogra, Pardeep (2005). Participatory watershed management programmes for sustainable development: Experiences from IWDP. Indian J. Soil Conserv., 33 (2) : 93-103.
- Singh, K.M., Meena, M.S. and Jha, A.K. (2009). Impact assessment of agricultural extension reforms in Bihar. Indian Res. J. Extn. Edu., 9 (2) : 110-114.
- Singh, P., Behera, H.C. and Singh, A. (2010). Impact and Effectiveness of Watershed Development Programmes in India (Review and Analysis Based on the Studies Conducted by various Government Agencies and Other Organisations), A Report of Centre for Rural Studies, National Institute of Administrative Research, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie.
- Swain, S. K. (2015). Impact of poverty alleviation programmes on socio-economic development of rural poor of Odisha – A Statistical Analysis. J. Rural Develop., 34(2) :187-213.
- Comparisons Extensions of Plastic zones for Micro-indentation of a Rigid Wedge to a semi-infinite block by Finite Element Analysis and Numerical Slip-line Field Techniques
Abstract Views :196 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, West Bengal-741235, IN
2 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal-741235, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, West Bengal-741235, IN
2 Department of Engineering and Technological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal-741235, IN
Source
Indian Science Cruiser, Vol 33, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 48-52Abstract
The present work compares the extension of plastic zones when a rigid indenter is indented to a semi-infinite block of Mild Steel by finite element analysis (FEA) and numerical slip-line field (SLF) technique. The semi-apex angle of the wedge is varied from 10° to 80° with different friction conditions. The previous works of the present authors showed that the lip profiles of deformed material around the wedge are nonlinear in nature. The results obtained from the present analysis, showed that extend of plastic zones obtained by SLF with parabolic lip and FEA are very close. Hence, the original proposition of the previous works by present authors that the nature of lip profile is non-linear is again proved in this present work.Keywords
Micro-indentation, Finite Element Analysis, Numerical Technique, Slip-line Field.References
- R. Hill, E.H. Lee and S.J. Trupper, “The Theory of Wedge Indentation of Ductile Materials”, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 188, pp. 273-289, 1947.
- J. Grunzweiz, I.M. Longman and N.J. Petch, “Calculation and Measurement of Wedgeindentation”, Journal of Mech. and Phys. of Solids, 2, pp. 81-86, 1954.
- D.S. Dugdale, “Cone-indentation Experiments”, Journal of Mech. and Phys. of Solids, 2, pp.265-277, 1954.
- W. Johnson, F.U. Mathab and J.B. Haddow, “The Indentation of a Semi-infinite Block by a Wedge of Comparable Hardness- I- Theoretical”, Int. Journal of Mechanical Science, 6, pp. 329-336, 1964.
- B. Dodd, K. Osakada, “A note on the Type of Slipline Field for Wedge Indentation Determined by Computer”, Int. Journal of Mechanical Science, 16, pp. 931-938, 1976.
- F. J. Locket, “Indentation of a Rigid/Plastic Material by a Conical Indenter”, Journal of Mech. and Phys. of Solids, 11, pp. 345-355, 1963.
- T.O. Multhearn, “The Deformation of Metals by Vickers Type Pyramidal Indenter”, Journal of Mech. and Phys. of Solids, 7, pp. 85-96, 1959.
- N.R. Chitkara and M. A. Butt, “ Numerical Construction of Axisymmetric Slip-Line Field for Indentation of a Thick Blocks by Rigid Conical Indenters and friction at Tool-Metal Interface”, Int. Journal of Mechanical Science, 34, pp. 849-862, 1992.
- A.K. Biswas, S. Das, B. Das and S. Das, “A slipline field solution for micro-indentation of a rigid conical wedge by numerical technique”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, volume 4, 2015, 90-94.
- A. K. Biswas, S. Das and S. Das, “MicroIndentation of Conical Rigid Wedge by Numerical Slip-line field theory: A Hybrid Approach”, Indian Science Cruiser, 31(3), pp.36-42, 2017.
- A.K. Biswas, S. Das, B. Das and S. Das, “Estimating Conical Indentation Load by Numerical Slip-line Field Technique”, J. of Structural Engineering, Vol. 45, No.1, 2018, pp.118-124.
- A. K. Biswas, S. Das and S. Das, “Determination of Hardness for Cone Indentation to a Semi-Infinite Block for Various Cone Angles and Friction Parameters by Numerical Slip-Line Field Technique”, Proc. ICTACEM-2017, Dec., 2017.
- Analyzing Short Porous Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Numerically Considering Micropolar Lubrication and Isotropic Roughness
Abstract Views :263 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Medinipur Sadar Govt. Polytechnic College, Khasjungle-721102, IN
2 Dept. of Engineering and Technological Studies, Kalyani University, Kalyani - 741235, IN
3 Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Kalyani Govt. Engg. College, Kalyani - 741235, IN
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Medinipur Sadar Govt. Polytechnic College, Khasjungle-721102, IN
2 Dept. of Engineering and Technological Studies, Kalyani University, Kalyani - 741235, IN
3 Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Kalyani Govt. Engg. College, Kalyani - 741235, IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 90, No 1-2 (2020), Pagination: 56-73Abstract
In present days of high speed machines and machinery, the aim to reduce the energy loses becomes a major aspect of research for economic reasons and long-term reliability. It is known that an industrial nation can save about 1% of gross national product by better tribological exercises. Many modern machines use porous bearings for its ability to act as a lubricant reservoir. The lubricant used in the open adverse operating situations gets contaminated with worn-out particles and dust, and can be better studied by micropolar lubrication theory. Moreover, machined surfaces always have some degree of roughness which adds to the loss of energy. The present work aims at clubbing the effect of roughness in hydrodynamic lubrication using micropolar fluid with a thin porous bush assuming the velocity slip of lubricant film at the porous bush and fluid film junction. The governing equation for fluid pressure in the porous matrix and hydrodynamic film zone are developed following Darcy’s equation and hydrodynamic micropolar lubrication theory, considering Christensen’s stochastic model of roughness. The bearing is approximated as a short one. Modified Reynold’s equation is numerically solved to compute fluid film pressure in steady-state condition. Friction parameters and non-dimensional load capacity in terms of roughness parameters and porous bearing characteristics are presented in case of Newtonian and micropolar fluids.Keywords
Micropolar Lubricant, Porous Journal Bearing, Stochastic Roughness.References
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- Naduvinamani, N. B., Siddangouda, A., Biradar, N. S. and Kadadi, K. A., Combined effects of viscosity variation and surface roughness on the squeeze film lubrication of journal bearings with micropolar fluids, Tribology Online, Vol.9, No.4, pp. 175-183, 2014.
- Kumar, G., Jha K. S., Baidya, U., Das, S. and Das, S., Effect of surface roughness on the pressure generation in a finite rough hydrodynamic journal jearing under micropolar lubrication in steady-state, Reason- A Technical Journal, Vol. 15. pp.39-53, 2016.
- Baidya, U., Das, S. and Das, S., Porous hydrodynamic journal bearing analysis using micropolar fluid in steady-state condition, Tribology Online, Vol. 14, No.2, pp.-24-31, 2019.
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